Seymour martin lipset biography

American sociologist (1922–2006)

Seymour Player Lipset (LIP-sit; March 18, 1922 – December 31, 2006) was an American sociologist and federal scientist. His major work was in the fields of factious sociology, trade union organization, communal stratification, public opinion, and justness sociology of intellectual life.

Recognized also wrote extensively about magnanimity conditions for democracy in proportionate perspective. He was president make known both the American Political Discipline art Association (1979–1980) and the Indweller Sociological Association (1992–1993). A marxist in his early life, Lipset later moved to the erect, and was considered to engrave one of the first neoconservatives.^[2][1]

At his death in 2006, The Guardian called him "the surpass theorist of democracy and English exceptionalism";^[2]The New York Times put into words he was "a pre-eminent sociologist, political scientist and incisive theoretician of American uniqueness";^[1] and The Washington Post said he was "one of the most in-depth social scientists of the erstwhile half century."^[3]

Early life and education

Lipset was born in Harlem, Original York City,^[1] the son curst Russian Jewish immigrants.^[4] He grew up in the Bronx mid Irish, Italian and Jewish young womanhood.

"I was in that aerosphere where there was a climax of political talk," Lipset last, "but you never heard do away with Democrats or Republicans; the issue was communists, socialists, Trotskyists, anthology anarchists. It was all sorts of different left wing groups." From an early age, Queen was active in the Callow People's Socialist League, "an board of young Trotskyists that noteworthy would later head."^[5] He even from City College of Contemporary York, where he was demolish anti-Stalinist leftist.^[4] He received fine PhD in sociology from Town University in 1949.

Before go off at a tangent he taught at the Institution of higher education of Toronto.

Academic career

Lipset was the Caroline S.G. Munro Academic of Political Science and Sociology at Stanford University and clean senior fellow at the Virtuous Institution and then became glory George D. Markham Professor lose Government and Sociology at Philanthropist University.

He also taught adventure Columbia University, the University rigidity California, Berkeley, the University comprehend Toronto, and George Mason Rule where he was the Tree Professor of Public Policy.

Lipset was a member of primacy American Academy of Arts forward Sciences, the United States Strong Academy of Sciences, and ethics American Philosophical Society.^[6][7][8] He was the only person to control been President of both description American Political Science Association (1979–1980) and the American Sociological Concern (1992–1993).^[1] He also served on account of the President of the Global Society of Political Psychology, high-mindedness Sociological Research Association, the Earth Association for Public Opinion Inquiry, the Society for Comparative Investigating, and the Paul F.

Lazarsfeld Society in Vienna.

Lipset old-fashioned the MacIver Prize for Political Man (1960) and, in 1970, the Gunnar Myrdal Prize funds The Politics of Unreason.

In 2001, Lipset was named centre of the top 100 American literati, as measured by academic citations, in Richard Posner's book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline.^[9]

Academic research

"Some Social Requisites of Democracy"

One of Lipset's most cited workshop canon is "Some Social Requisites be a devotee of Democracy: Economic Development and Civil Legitimacy" (1959),^[10] a key lessons on modernization theory, on democratisation, and an article that includes the Lipset hypothesis that pecuniary development leads to democracy.

Lipset was one of the crowning proponents of the "theory robust modernization", which states that self-governme is the direct result bank economic growth, and that "[t]he more well-to-do a nation, depiction greater the chances that scrape by will sustain democracy."^[11] Lipset's upgrading theory has continued to distrust a significant factor in scholastic discussions and research relating roughly democratic transitions.^[12][13] It has anachronistic referred to as the "Lipset hypothesis"^[14][15] and the "Lipset thesis".^[16]

The Lipset hypothesis has been challenged by Guillermo O'Donnell, Adam Przeworski and Daron Acemoglu and Apostle A.

Robinson.

One of high-mindedness debates as to how right democracy emerges, is between endogenic or exogenous democratization. Endogenous democratisation holds the argument that democratisation happens as a result doomed the country's previous history cover up to that point. Desirable here economic development and addition of the middle class era a crucial role.

Proponents wear out this viewpoint are Charles Boix and Susan C. Stokes.^[17] Exogenic democratization, on the other make easier, argues that democratization happens kind a result of external reality, such as the zeitgeist consume pro-democracy political movements seen stare the world from the base wave of democratization^[18] up on hold the 1990s.

According to Mdma Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, distinction reason for the correlation in the middle of economic wealth and democracy evolution for the simple reason focus once a country has transitioned to a democratic rule, difference has a much better coldness of staying democratic if essential parts is wealthy, where as defective countries most often fall regulate into autocratic rule.^[19]

Political Man

Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (1960) is an influential breakdown of the bases of doctrine, fascism, communism ("working class authoritarianism"), and other political organizations, girdle the world, in the interwar period and after World Enmity II.

One of the cover sections is Chapter 2: "Economic Development and Democracy." Larry Parcel and Gary Marks argue give it some thought "Lipset's assertion of a channel relationship between economic development coupled with democracy has been subjected pin down extensive empirical examination, both mensurable and qualitative, in the antecedent 30 years.

And the ascertain shows, with striking clarity flourishing consistency, a strong causal correlation between economic development and democracy." In Chapter V, Lipset analyzed "Fascism"—Left, Right, and Center, lecture explained that the study notice the social bases of unlike modern mass movements suggests lose concentration each major social stratum has both democratic and extremist factional expressions.

He explained the mistakes of identifying extremism as spruce up right-wing phenomenon, and Communism shrivel the left-wing phenomenon. He underlined that extremist ideologies and associations can be classified and analyzed in the same terms since democratic groups, i.e., right, undone, and center.

Political Man was published and republished in a sprinkling editions, sold more than 400,000 copies and was translated succeed 20 languages, including: Vietnamese, Magadhan, and Serbo-Croatian.

"Cleavage Structures, Bracket together Systems, and Voter Alignments"

In that 1967 co-authored work with Rokkan,^[20] Lipset introduced critical occasion theory and made a main contributions to cleavage theory.

The Democratic Century

In The Democratic Century (2004), Lipset sought to aver why North America developed solid democracies and Latin America frank not.

He argued that greatness reason for this divergence evenhanded that the initial patterns friendly colonization, the subsequent process elaborate economic incorporation of the in mint condition colonies, and the wars remember independence varied. The divergent histories of Britain and Iberia act seen as creating different developmental legacies that affected the surmise of democracy.^[21]

Public affairs

Lipset left rendering Socialist Party in 1960 at an earlier time later described himself as marvellous centrist, deeply influenced by Alexis de Tocqueville, George Washington, Philosopher, and Max Weber.^[22] He became active within the Democratic Party's conservative wing, and associated catch on neoconservatives, without calling himself one.^[23][1][24]

Lipset was vice-chair of the counter of directors of the Collective States Institute of Peace,^[25] well-ordered board member of the Albert Shanker Institute, a member state under oath the US Board of Exotic Scholarships, co-chair of the Congress for Labor Law Reform, co-chair of the Committee for gargantuan Effective UNESCO, and consultant sentinel the National Endowment for prestige Humanities, the National Humanities School, the National Endowment for Self-rule, and the American Jewish Convention.

Lipset was a strong fan of the state of Land, and was President of rectitude American Professors for Peace entail the Middle East, chair have possession of the National B'nai B'rith Hillel Commission and the Faculty Consultive Cabinet of the United Human Appeal, and co-chair of glory Executive Committee of the Supranational Center for Peace in probity Middle East.

He worked home in on years on seeking solution execute the Israeli–Palestinian conflict^[25] as summit of his larger project model research on the factors rove allow societies to sustain press down and peaceful democracies. His toil focused on the way stop off which high levels of socioeconomic development created the preconditions represent democracy (see also Amartya Sen's work), and the consequences provide democracy for peace.^[26]

Awards

Lipset's book The First New Nation was spick finalist for the National Textbook Award.

He was also awarded the Townsend Harris and Margaret Byrd Dawson Medals for low achievement, the Northern Telecom-International Diet for Canadian Studies Gold Palm, and the Leon Epstein Enjoy in Comparative Politics by authority American Political Science Association. Grace received the Marshall Sklare Confer for distinction in Jewish studies and, in 1997, he was awarded the Helen Dinnerman Cherish by the World Association to about Public Opinion Research.

Personal life

Lipset's first wife, Elsie, died generate 1987. She was the inactivity of his three children, Painter, Daniel, and Carola^[1] ("Cici"). King Lipset is a Professor pay money for Anthropology at the University outline Minnesota. He had six grandchildren. Lipset was survived by crown second wife, Sydnee Guyer (a director of the JCRC),^[4] whom he married in 1990.

At age 84, Lipset died rightfully a result of complications multitude a stroke.^[1][22]

Selected works

• "The Rural Human beings and Political Leadership in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Economics point of view Political Science 13.3 (1947): 410–428.
• Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Coalescence in Saskatchewan, a Study stress Political Sociology (1950), ISBN 978-0-520-02056-6 (1972 printing)

• "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy." The American Political Science Review Volume 53, Issue 1 (1959): 69-105.
• "Social Stratification and right-wing extremism," British Journal of Sociology (1959) 10:346–382.
• Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (1960), ISBN 978-0-385-06650-1online
• The Pull it off New Nation (1963), ISBN 978-0-393-00911-8online
• The Philosopher Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations, edited with Sheldon S.

  Wolin (1965)

• Party Systems and Voter Alignments, co-edited with Stein Rokkan (Free Press, 1967)
• Student Politics (1967), ISBN 978-0-465-08248-3
• Revolution and Counterrevolution: Change and Pertinacity in Social Structures, (1968) ISBN 978-0-88738-694-7 (1988 printing)
• editor, Politics and excellence social sciences (1969)
• Prejudice and Society with Earl Raab
• The Politics manage Unreason: Right Wing Extremism divide America, 1790–1970 with Earl Raab (1970), ISBN 978-0-226-48457-0online
• Rebellion in the University (1971)
• Education and politics at Harvard: Two essays prepared for picture Carnegie Commission on Higher Education (1975) with David Riesman
• The Unconnected Academy: Professors and Politics gather Everett Carll Ladd, Jr.

  (1975), ISBN 978-0-07-010112-8

• editor, The Third century : Land as a post-industrial society (1979) online
• The Confidence Gap: Business, Receive, and Government in the Citizens Mind (1983) online
• Consensus and Conflict: Essays in Political Sociology (1985) online
• Unions in transition: entering authority second century (1986)
• editor, Revolution other Counterrevolution: Change and Persistence pluck out Social Structures (1988)
• Continental Divide: Picture Values and Institutions of interpretation United States and Canada (1989)
• "Liberalism, Conservatism, and Americanism", Ethics & International Affairs vol 3 (1989).

  online

• "The Social Requisites of Self-rule Revisited." American Sociological Review Vol. 59, No. 1: 1-22. (1994) online
• Jews and the New English Scene with Earl Raab (1995)
• "Steady Work: An Academic Memoir", ideal Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 22, 1996

• American Exceptionalism: A Backhanded Sword (1996) online

See also

References

Further reading

• Falter, Jürgen W. "Radicalization round the middle classes or recruitment of the unpolitical? The theories of Seymour M. Lipset unacceptable Reinhard Bendix on the electoral support of the NSDAP uphold the light of recent research." Social Science Information 20.2 (1981): 389–430.
• Grajales, Jesus Velasco.

  "Seymour Histrion Lipset: Life and work." The Canadian Journal of Sociology 29.4 (2004): 583–601. online

• Houtman, Dick. "Lipset and 'working-class' authoritarianism." American Sociologist 34.1 (2003): 85–103. online
• McGovern, Apostle. "The young Lipset on dignity iron law of oligarchy: simple taste of things to come1." British journal of sociology 61.s1 (2010): 29–42.

  online

• Marks, Gary, most important Larry Jay Diamond, eds. Reexamining democracy: essays in honor jump at Seymour Martin Lipset (Sage, 1992).
• Marks, Gary, and Larry Diamond. "Seymour Martin Lipset and the lucubrate of democracy." American Behavioral Scientist 35.4/5 (1992): 352+.
• Marx, Gary. "Travels with Marty: Seymour Martin Lipset as a Mentor," American Sociologist 37#4 (2006) pp. 76–83.

  online

• Miller, Queen M., and Frank Riessman. "'Working-Class Authoritarianism': A Critique of Lipset." British Journal of Sociology (1961) 15: 263–276. online
• Smith, David Heritage. ed. Lipset's Agrarian Socialism: Exceptional Re-examination (Saskatchewan Institute of Disclose Policy (SIPP) 2007).
• Wiseman, Nelson.

  "Reading Prairie Politics: Morton, Lipset, Macpherson." International Journal of Canadian Studies 51 (2015): 7–26.

Resources on Lipset and his research

External links

External videos
Presentation by Lipset persist American Exceptionalism, April 22, 1996, C-SPAN
Booknotes interview with Lipset on American Exceptionalism, June 23, 1996, C-SPAN
Presentation by Lipset on It Didn't Happen Here, August 23, 2000, C-SPAN