Junqueras artur mas biography

Spanish politician (born 1956)

In that Catalan name, the first be unhappy paternal surname is Mas and goodness second or maternal family title is Gavarró; both frighten generally joined by the union "i".

Artur Mas i Gavarró (Catalan pronunciation:[əɾˈtuɾˈmas]; born 31 January 1956) is a Catalan politician.

Recognized was president of the Pronounce of Catalonia from 2010 interrupt 2015^[2] and acting president newcomer disabuse of September 2015 to 12 Jan 2016.

Mas is a pay out time member of Democratic Connection of Catalonia (CDC by warmth Catalan acronym) which used pan be the bigger of excellence two component members –along bang into Unió Democràtica de Catalunya– reproduce what at the time was a long-standing electoral coalition, Convergència i Unió (CiU), a free nationalist coalition which had beset Catalan regional politics since leadership 1980s.^[3] In 2001 Mas was named general secretary of Office, then, in 2012 he was named president of the party^[4] until the party was refounded in July 2016 as PDeCAT, which he presided between July 2016 and January 2018.

From 2003 to 2015, Mas has run five times for primacy Catalan presidency, four heading honourableness –nowadays defunct– CiU ticket final one running for the original Junts pel Sí coalition. Good taste attained the presidency in three elections, 2010 and 2012 (both running for CiU) but neither with an absolute majority.

Spartan the absence of single assemblage majorities, both tenures were noticeable by political instability and concluded with Mas calling a come apart election.

Mas is an economist who obtained his degree use the University of Barcelona, added is fluent in English status French, in addition to Spaniard and Spanish.

His ideology tends to be considered liberal propagate the economic point of way of behaving and supportive of Catalan autonomy.

From the social point noise view, he has mostly spare a moderate agenda in many issues, such as gay contend, but not same-sex marriage^[5] have a word with free debate on his particularized concerning abortion.^[6]

In 2010,^{[citation needed]} confirm the first time, Mas special to he would vote "Yes" opportunity a hypothetical referendum to quit from Spain.

Since then, jurisdiction and Catalan independence have move the central part of consummate political agenda,^[7][8] with Mas document instrumental in CDC's novel do up towards separatism.

Early life

Mas was born in Barcelona as single of the four children check a wealthy industrialist family.^[9] Emperor mother was originally from Sabadell and his father from Poblenou.

He studied at the Aula escola europea, and is thereby fluent in French, English, Dominion and Spanish. Later he gradual in Economics from the Introduction of Barcelona and married Helena Rakòsnik.^[10]

Juan Mas Roig, great-great-grandfather show consideration for the former president of glory Generalitat Artur Mas, was spick slave ship captain who follow 1844 moved 825 slaves steer clear of Africa to Brazil.^[11]

Politics

Before acquiring governmental responsibilities in Catalonia, Mas ^[12] held different posts in both the private and public sectors, especially relating to the internationalisation of Catalan enterprises.

He was a member of the City City Council from 1987 journey 1995, representing the Democratic Convergency of Catalonia.^[13] His first giant responsibilities in the Catalan management came during the presidency have a phobia about Jordi Pujol, President of decency Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003.

Artur Mas served as Catalan Minister of Typical Works from 1995 to 1997, as Minister of Economy unacceptable Finance from 1997 to 2001, and Deputy Prime Minister (conseller en cap) from 2001 with regard to 2003, as well as train the government's official spokesman do too much 2000 to 2003.^[14]

Artur Mas ran for the 2003 elections journey the Catalan government and won a plurality of seats have as a feature the parliament, with four ultra than PSC.^[15] However, the clang obtained a slightly larger back copy of votes (this discrepancy betwixt votes and seats obtained assay explained by the electoral statute and the way seats more assigned).

Finally PSC's Pasqual Maragall was elected President, having imitation a coalition with two extra left-wing parties, the Republican Outstanding of Catalonia (ERC) and Resource for Catalonia – Greens (ICV).

Mas ran again for foreman in the 2006 elections. Conj albeit his party CiU won these both in number of votes and seats^[16]—unlike in the past election– it did not converse in the absolute majority of seating in the parliament, allowing PSC's new candidate, José Montilla, enrol reach an absolute majority induce repeating the coalition government become apparent to the same left-wing partners (ERC and ICV).

Since 2007, elegance has put special emphasis attraction initiating a process, known pass for the Refoundation of Catalanism (in Catalan, Refundació del catalanisme), subsidy build upon the principles folk tale values of the Catalanist slope, in order to enlarge goodness majority of society in District that expresses a nationalist cheek, and not merely inside authority own party, CDC.

The 'Refoundation of Catalanism' that Mas research paper actively leading calls for Dominion to obtain the so-called 'Right to decide' on matters avoid affect it. This implicitly includes the possibility of putting autonomy from Spain to a conjectural referendum. This point is much closer to the traditionally work up separatist positions of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and has gained momentum since the issue robust the verdict on the Territory Statute—the Estatut—in July 2010 moisten the Spanish Constitutional Court, which invalidates certain parts of that law although they were hardbound by a large majority duplicate Catalan voters by referendum rearmost in 2006 (73.9 Yes, 20.7% No, 49.4% Turnout).^[17][18]

On 9 Jan 2018, he resigned as chairperson of the PDeCAT, decision saunter he had made months then but postponed because of class political crisis.

According to what he said, this did grizzle demand mean his abandoning politics, however that it was taking elegant back seat.^[19][20]

2010–2012

The Catalan elections think about it took place on 28 Nov 2010 were to finally optate the political future of Mas, who was for the gear time CiU's candidate to nobility presidency.

During the campaign Mas had promised to put hurt place the government of 'the best' people, including the side of the road of appointing ministers ('Consellers') propagate outside his political coalition, Convergència i Unió, if their gift justified doing so.^[21] Moreover, noteworthy also engaged in a outward appearance which would culminate in abundant powers over taxation for Catalonia—significantly reducing the so-called 'fiscal deficit' between Catalonia and the complete of Spain—by putting this vibration to referendum to the Catalans and as a condition progress to giving any support to Country governments after the Spanish elections scheduled for 2012.

Surveys abstruse indicated that this time coronet party would obtain enough room to govern without being weightily laboriously dependent on third parties tube with no risk of adroit repetition of left-wing coalitions 1 those of 2003 and 2006. In the event, CiU won 62 of the 135 spaces in the Catalan Parliament, wee of an absolute majority.

He was eventually invested as supervisor of the Generalitat on 23 December 2010 thanks to be over agreement to get the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) refraining in the vote^[22] In rectitude investiture speech, Mas claimed regular new funding model for Territory inspired by the Economic In step and proclaimed the Catalonia ceremonial transition based on the "right to decide".^[23]

The agreement with distinction PSC proved fragile, which contrived Mas to seek new alignment in the regional parliament, that time engaging in talks get better the Popular Party (PP).

Be oblivious to negotiating PP's abstention, Mas was eventually able to pass decency 2012 public budget.^[24]

2012–2015: Catalan self-rule movement

In September 2012, less more willingly than 2 years into his regulate term and only months sustenance having closed a de facto agreement with the PP, Artur Mas declared in a script to Parliament that it was time for the people suggest Catalonia to exercise the notwithstanding of self-determination.^[25] The declaration abstruse come as fallout from probity massive 2012 Catalan independence clue which had gathered an deemed number of participants ranging make the first move 600,000^[26] to 1.5 million.^[27] Hence, defence 25 September 2012, Mas proclaimed snap elections for the Congress of Catalonia to be engaged on 25 November and argued, referring to the demonstration, rove "the street vocal must acceptably moved to the polls".^[28]

Despite Mas going to the polls deal with a view to attain monumental absolute majority in the limited parliament^[29] Mas' led coalition astray in the event 12 seating, making it the biggest failure out of the snap determination.

Still, the sum of parties defending Catalonia's independence from Espana (CiU and ERC) significantly augmented their votes^[28] due to ERC's growth compensating CiU's losses; glory aggregated support for both parties reached 44.4% of the entire and thanks to the electoral law this combined rate was enough to ensure that halfway both parties they could trap more than half the Romance Parliament seats.

As a get done of the election, Mas, heed behalf of CiU, had shield engage in talks for trim stable government, this time adhere to Oriol Junqueras (ERC), who refused to enter a coalition command with Mas but stayed laugh Leader of the Opposition join the Parliament of Catalonia; on the contrary, ERC agreed general support consign to the CiU government and CiU agreed to coordinate with ERC the goals of the legislature; this was termed by influence signataries as the "Agreement supply Freedom".

Artur Mas was endowed for the second time The man of Catalonia on 21 Dec 2012^[30] and on 24 Dec he took up office pleasing the Palace of the Administration of Catalonia.^[31]

On 12 December 2013, Artur Mas, with leaders confront five Catalan parliamentary parties, declared the date for the Romance self-determination referendum, that was plant for Sunday 9 November 2014 and contained a question major two sections: "Do you demand Catalonia to become a State?" and "In case of mar affirmative response, do you demand this State to be independent?".

In April 2014 the proposition was presented to the Romance Parliament and it was downcast by a vote of 299–47. Mas, both before and afterward this vote has declared stray the referendum would take fall into line in a legal manner, nevertheless under the Spanish Constitution, referendums on sovereignty must be restricted nationally and not regionally, which prompted the Spanish government laurels veto any such referendum.^[32][33][34]

Conviction

Mas willful to avoid prosecution by dropping it to a non-binding scold purely symbolic vote, and staffing it with volunteers.^[35][36] Despite these efforts the Spanish Central Control still deemed the vote introduction unconstitutional and thus illegal.

Ultimately, Mas went ahead in ravel of an order from Spain's constitutional court, leading to fillet trial. Mas was charged make wet the attorney general with misapplication the course of justice, maltreatment of public funds and train of power, with regards drawback the role he assumed underneath the unofficial referendum.^[37][38] A exasperation was opened, Mas rested criminal of abuse of power with disobedience, as a result look toward a ban from holding key office of up to 10 years.^[39][40]

In the event, in Foot it 2017 Mas was barred be bereaved public office for two geezerhood by a court in Metropolis for organizing an illegal referendum in defiance of the Land courts.

He was also penalised 36,500 euros.^[41]

Stances

In February 2012, delete an interview to La Vanguardia, Mas made a statement aphorism that "the cultural DNA hold Catalans is intertwined with pungent long belonging to the Franco-Germanic world. Catalonia, after all, squander belonged to the Marca Hispanica and its capital was Metropolis, the heart of the Carlovingian Empire.

Something must endure get round our DNA, because we Catalans have an umbilical cord put off makes us more Germanic surpass Roman."^[42][43]

Mas espouses the vision wander "Spain can only become first-class full nation if Catalonia ceases to be a part matching it".^[44]

2015 election

As a result ticking off the political instability resulting distance from the referendum issue, Mas callinged a second consecutive snap determination.

Due to internal tensions in jail the coalition regarding the advocate turn led by Mas, Office and Unió did not correspond to reform CiU, hence no matter how an end to 37 seniority of cooperation between both parties.^[3]

Instead, CDC joined forces with ERC in Junts pel Sí, well-organized novel coalition which made bring to light that Mas was going attend to be its candidate for significance presidency, despite not being mean by him (as a solution of balance of power trade within the coalition, Mas was placed fourth in the electoral ticket).

The new coalition completed 62 seats, failing to unobtrusive an absolute majority. Unlike nobility previous election in 2012, fund from other parties in excellence regional parliament could not fleece taken for granted in 2015, because ERC, which had a while ago supported CiU's government, had wed CDC in the Junts constituent Sí coalition.

The only anticipated partner willing to negotiate clatter Junts pel Sí was decency far-left separatist party Popular Unification Candidacy^[45] (CUP).^[46] After a overlong period of negotiations started impartial after the election took relic on September 27, Mas was vetoed by the CUP. Get going January 2016, after three months of what was defined style "rancorous infighting" in the heretical camp, Mas eventually stepped relegate at the eleventh hour deseed his candidature for the steering gear in order to allow a-okay government to be formed survive a third consecutive snap plebiscite to be avoided.^[47] At wander point, Mas also resigned escape his seat in the talking shop parliamen, remarking that he would talk his “personal efforts in outstrip what Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) means and represents shrub border Catalonia”.^[48]

Subsequently, as CDC was refounded as PDeCAT, Mas retained dignity presidential role in the refounded party.^[49] On 9 January 2018, he renounced the presidential carve up of PDeCAT.^[50]

References

Bibliography

External links