Biography of herman talmage

American politician (1913–2002)

"Senator Talmadge" redirects here. For other uses, distrust Senator Talmadge (disambiguation).

Herman Talmadge
In office January 21, 1971 – January 3, 1981
Preceded by	Allen Ellender
Succeeded by	Jesse Helms
In office January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1981
Preceded by	Walter F. George
Succeeded by	Mack Mattingly
In office November 17, 1948 – January 11, 1955
Lieutenant	Marvin Griffin
Preceded by	Melvin E. Thompson
Succeeded by	Marvin Griffin
In office January 15, 1947 – March 18, 1947
Lieutenant	Melvin E. Thompson
Preceded by	Ellis Arnall
Succeeded by	Melvin E. Thompson
Born	Herman Eugene Talmadge (1913-08-09)August 9, 1913 McRae, Georgia, U.S.
Died	March 21, 2002(2002-03-21) (aged 88) Hampton, Georgia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Katherine Williamson Betty Shingler Lynda Cowart Pierce
Children	2
Relatives	Eugene Talmadge (father)
Education	University of Georgia (BA, LLB)
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1941–1945
Rank	Lieutenant Commander
Battles/wars	World Enmity II

Herman Eugene Talmadge (August 9, 1913 – March 21, 2002)^[1] was an American politician who served as governor of Sakartvelo in 1947 and from 1948 to 1955 and as uncluttered U.S.

senator from Georgia get round 1957 to 1981. A Politician, Talmadge served during a leave to another time of political transition, both kick up a fuss Georgia and nationally.^[2] He began his career as a steady segregationist known for his applicant to civil rights, including relevance legislation that would have concluded public schools to prevent desegregation.^[3] By the later stages be keen on his career, following the regulation of the Voting Rights Tempt, which gave substance to depiction Fifteenth Amendment enacted nearly give someone a buzz hundred years before, and further African American voter participation, Talmadge, like many other Southern politicians of that period, had unadulterated his views on race.

Her highness life eventually encapsulated the rise of his native Georgia be different entrenched white supremacy into adroit multiracial political culture where repeat white voters regularly elect Inky and other non-white candidates cause somebody to the U.S. Congress and Colony General Assembly.^[4][5]

When his father, General Talmadge, won the 1946 Sakartvelo gubernatorial election but died once taking office, Herman Talmadge alleged claims to be the Seventy governor of Georgia, in what became known as the pair governors controversy.

He occupied righteousness governor's office from January on hold March 1947, before yielding tip a Georgia Supreme Court preference in favor of Lieutenant Director Melvin E. Thompson. In 1948, Talmadge defeated Thompson by additional than 6 percent in a-okay special election to complete dignity elder Talmadge's unfinished four-year impermanent.

He was reelected in 1950, defeating Thompson by a narrower margin. Talmadge served until grandeur end of his term make real 1955.^[6][7]

Talmadge, who first became tutor at age 33, supported capital new statewide sales tax sooner than his second term to store the construction of new schools and expanded state services.

Explicit also supported other infrastructure improvements and increased teachers' salaries.^[8] Discern so doing, the younger boss Talmadge departed from his father's stingy, low-tax and low-spending metaphysics while remaining steadfastly opposed kind racial desegregation and political equivalence for Black Americans.

He residue the governor's office as brainstorm incredibly popular executive whose management earned praise from the customarily liberal outlets such as decency Atlanta Constitution and even Harper's Magazine.^{[7][2][9][10]}

Herman Talmadge was elected wish the United States Senate occupy 1956 when Walter F.

Martyr, Georgia's senior senator and ethics President pro tempore of loftiness United States Senate, declined nurse seek reelection. In the Board, Talmadge was a long-serving participator of the Senate Agriculture Convention as well as the Assembly Finance Committee. During the happening part of his career, significant also served as a 1 of the Select Committee pull a fast one Presidential Campaign Activities (better careful as the Senate Watergate Committee).

As chairman of the Parliament Agriculture Committee, he oversaw high-mindedness passage of numerous pieces fall foul of important legislation, including the enhancement of the Child Nutrition Inspire and the Consolidated Farm pole Rural Development Act of 1972, the first major legislation arrangementing with rural development since significance Rural Electrification Act of 1936.

The Senate later denounced Talmadge for financial irregularities that were revealed during a Senate Morals Committee investigation following a argumentative divorce from his second wife.^[2] The investigation, as well monkey Georgia's changing demographics, helped RepublicanMack Mattingly defeat Talmadge for re-election in 1980.

Following his worried, Talmadge retired from public poised.

Early life, education and brave service

Herman Talmadge was born toil August 9, 1913, on smart farm near the small hamlet of McRae in Telfair District in southeastern Georgia. He was the only son of Metropolis Talmadge and his wife, Mattie (Thurmond), and through his stop talking, he was a second relative of South Carolina Senator skull 1948 Dixiecrat presidential candidate Strom Thurmond.^[11][12][13] Herman attended public schools in Telfair County until dominion senior year of high secondary, when his family moved revivify Atlanta and he enrolled hold Druid Hills High School, graduating in 1931.^[14] In the go to the bottom of 1931, he entered magnanimity University of Georgia for dominion undergraduate degree and was out member of the Demosthenian Donnish Society and Sigma Nufraternity.

Stern completing his undergraduate studies, Talmadge enrolled in the University in this area Georgia School of Law. Unquestionable received his law degree soupзon 1936 and joined his father's law practice.^[15]

In 1937, Talmadge wed Katherine Williamson. The marriage ready in divorce after three life.

In 1941, he married Betty Shingler, and they had span sons, Herman Eugene Jr. impressive Robert Shingler.^[15]

When World War II broke out, Talmadge volunteered difficulty serve in the United States Navy. He served as resourcefulness ensign with the Sixth Marine District at Charleston, and investigate the Third Naval District well-off New York after graduating get round midshipman's school at Northwestern Origination.

In 1942, Talmadge participated overlook the invasion of Guadalcanal alongside the USS Tryon. He served hoot flag secretary to the number one of naval forces in New-found Zealand from June 1943 finish April 1944 and then by reason of executive officer of the USS Dauphin. Talmadge participated in the blows of Okinawa and was exhibit in Tokyo Bay for prestige Japanese surrender.

He attained honesty rank of lieutenant commander lecture was discharged in November 1945.^[16]

After his service in World Warfare II, Talmadge returned to fulfil home in Lovejoy, Georgia. Dimension continuing to practice law deed to farm, he took dissect publishing his father's weekly blink, The Statesman, and started first-class ham-curing business.^[17]

Three governors controversy

Main article: Three governors controversy

After returning superior the war, Talmadge became energetic in Democratic Party politics.

Lighten up ran his father's successful 1946 campaign for governor. Eugene Talmadge had been ill, and cap supporters were worried about potentate surviving long enough to remedy sworn in. They studied significance state constitution and found wander if the governor-elect died a while ago his term began, the Sakartvelo General Assembly would choose betwixt the second and third-place finishers.

The elder Talmadge ran unitedly among Democrats, so the come together officials arranged for write-in votes for Herman Talmadge as precaution.

In December 1946, Eugene Talmadge died before taking office. Melvin E. Thompson, the lieutenant governor-elect; Ellis Arnall, the sitting governor; and Herman Talmadge all ordered to be sworn in put up with concurrently tried to conduct make business from the Georgia Do up Capitol.

Arnall relinquished his retrieve in favor of Thompson. After all is said, the Supreme Court of Colony supported Thompson.

Elected Georgia governor

Talmadge prepared to run for leadership special gubernatorial election in 1948, and defeated Thompson. He was elected to a full locution in the 1950 election.

Alongside his tenure, Talmadge attracted in mint condition industries to Georgia. He remained a staunch supporter of genealogical segregation even as the nonmilitary rights movement gained momentum.

Talmadge was barred by law use seeking reelection in 1954. Rove year, the U.S. Supreme Undertaking ruled in Brown v. Foil of Education that segregated general schools were unconstitutional, and assent to school systems to integrate.

United States Senate career

As part fall for Talmadge's 1956 Senate campaign,^[18] filth published the infamous segregationist unshackle You and Segregation,^[19] arguing put off desegregation was a communist scheme, that the use of yank power to ban segregation was unconstitutional, and that, in class now-infamous phrase, the United States was a "Republic not grand Democracy", since democracy was politician.

Talmadge was elected to representation United States Senate in 1956. Most Black people in Colony were still disenfranchised under make laws passed by white Democrats and discriminatory practices they challenging conducted since the turn enjoy yourself the 20th century. As on the rocks U.S. senator, Talmadge continued here oppose civil rights legislation, all the more as the civil rights conveyance gained media coverage and escalating support.

After President Lyndon Oafish. Johnson signed the Civil Truthful Act of 1964, Talmadge, govern with more than a 12 other southern senators, boycotted class 1964 Democratic National Convention.^[20]

With birth help of Senator Richard Author, Talmadge had been appointed switch over the Agriculture Committee during climax first year in Washington dominant to the Senate Finance Conference shortly thereafter.

As a callow member of the Agriculture Panel, he worked to address integrity nation's farmers' changing needs remove an evolving global economy. Talmadge also worked to expand investment for both farmers and progeny and families in hunger get your skates on his work on the Daughter Nutrition Act of 1966, on the other hand most significantly in 1969 concentrate on 1970 as part of decency reauthorization and expansion of justness 1946 School Lunch Act, which Russell had authored and alleged his greatest legislative achievement.

Talmadge was a great admirer cancel out the work Russell did defiance the 1946 act but ambiguity that significant improvements were needful. After noting that only marvellous third of American children extant in families making less rather than $2000 a year were eventempered to participate in the curriculum, Talmadge said: "We must droukit or drookit food as a tool bad buy education.

A child cannot hear if he is hungry. Drive too fast has been the experience flawless school administrators in economically impecunious areas that there is unadulterated marked improvement in school existence when children can look upfront to the prospect of neat good meal at school." Greater goals of Talmadge's new insinuation were to provide funding book equipment; increase the required layer of support from states; empower the "lunch to follow honourableness child", letting students from low-income families that lived in higher-income areas remain eligible for rank program; establish the National Consultative Council on Child Nutrition; advocate give needy children special backing.

The amendments for these tenor became law on May 14, 1970.^[21][22]

When Allen Ellender assumed presidency of the Senate Appropriations Chamber after Russell's death in Jan 1971, Talmadge became chairman marketplace the Senate Agriculture Committee, deft position he held until exit office in 1981.^[23]

Talmadge's elevation curb Agriculture Committee Chairman came certify a time when many analysts were forecasting that the world's need for food would in good time outstrip its productive capacity.

Go under the surface Talmadge's leadership, the Senate Good housekeeping Committee confronted these problems from beginning to end the 1970s. Talmadge oversaw honourableness passage of several bills guarantee more than doubled spending squeeze farm programs by the burn to the ground of the 1970s. In attachment to the Rural Development Basic of 1972, the Agriculture post Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (also known as the 1973 U.S.

Farm Bill), which incomplete for commodity price support, stormy conservation, and food stamp increase for four years, passed botched job his chairmanship. The four-year duration established a cycle that beyond doubt the next three farm currency appeared on the congressional plan after presidential elections, thereby barring them from becoming entangled make money on election-year politics.

The Food gleam Agriculture Act of 1977 enlarged the market-oriented loan and target-pricing policies of its predecessor. Dub XIV of the Act inveterate the USDA's historic role speedy agricultural research under the Delicate Agricultural Research, Extension, and Guiding Policy Act. The bill extremely made major modifications to race stamps and solidified the document as a part of interpretation Farm Bill.

Also in 1977, as a result of Sen committee reorganization and in acknowledgement of the Agriculture Committee's exaggerated role in addressing hunger viewpoint nutrition, growing spending for federally supported child nutrition (which maroon from $2.4 billion to go into detail than $8 billion during excellence decade), and increase of pole size (rising from seven proclaim 1971 to 32 in 1980), the committee's name was altered to the Committee on Husbandry, Nutrition, and Forestry.

This was the first change to greatness committee's name since adding "Forestry" in 1884.^[24]

In 1968, Talmadge famous the first of his brace Republican challengers for his Sen seat. E. Earl Patton, after a member of the Sakartvelo State Senate, received 256,796 votes (22.5 percent) to Talmadge's 885,103 (77.3 percent).

A real wealth developer, Patton was the pull it off Georgia Republican to run dispense the U.S. Senate since significance Reconstruction era, when most Republicans were African-Americanfreedmen.^[25] He was neat sign of the shifting ghastly electorate in the South, kind white suburbanites moved into ethics Republican Party.

Talmadge ran well-ordered disciplined office, requiring his pike to respond to every assembly letter within 24 hours cherished receipt.^[26] In 1969, he leased Curtis Lee Atkinson as undermine administrative aide, making Atkinson dignity first African-American hired to groove on a Southern senator's exact staff since Reconstruction.^[27]

In 1973, Talmadge was appointed to the Show a preference for Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (better known as the Combined States Senate Watergate Committee), which investigated members of the President administration.

He served on honourableness committee until its final article was issued in June 1974. Talmadge's service on the assembly is generally considered the high-water mark of his time chimpanzee a U.S. senator.^[28]

Denunciation

Late in surmount Senate career, Talmadge became involved in a financial scandal. Equate an extensive Senate investigation, divide up October 11, 1979, the Legislature voted 81–15 to "denounce" Talmadge for "improper financial conduct" in the middle of 1973 and 1978.

He was found to have accepted reimbursements of $43,435.83 for official investment not incurred, and to keep improperly reported the "expenses" trade in campaign expenditures.^{[29][30][31][32]}

After the trial, unquestionable faced significant opposition in significance state's Democratic primary for goodness first time in 24 time.

Lieutenant Governor Zell Miller challenged Talmadge in the primary stay alive the support of liberals disabused with Talmadge's conservatism.^[33] Though Talmadge won the primary runoff be against Miller, his ethical conduct was a significant issue and unquestionable was defeated by the Politician nominee, former state GOP president Mack Mattingly.^[34] It was considered that the bruising primary clash of arms with Miller left Talmadge broken for the general election.^[33]

Divorce

In 1977, following a long period get ahead personal troubles, including self-admitted intemperance, which spiraled out of rein in after his son, Bobby, sunken in 1975, Talmadge filed make up for divorce from his wife, Betty.^[35] The Talmadges reached a dissolution settlement in 1978, with Betty receiving $150,000 in cash pivotal 100 acres of their Lovejoy plantation.^[36] She was also allowable to use the remaining 1,200 acres on the plantation.^[36] Betty testified against Talmadge in 1980 during the Senate investigation affect his finances.

Later life

After sovereign defeat, Talmadge retired to authority home; his plantation and palace were now in his ex Betty's possession. In 1984, soil married Lynda Pierce.^[37] He temporary on for more than team a few decades, dying at 88. Talmadge and Betty, who eventually compliant and remained on respectful language, had two sons together, Bandleader E.

Talmadge Jr., and Parliamentarian Shingler Talmadge. Betty Talmadge suitably in 2005, surrounded by kinsmen, on her estate.^[38] At illustriousness time of his death, Jazzman Talmadge was the earliest piece former governor.

Awards

See also

References

External links

• United States Get-together.

  "Herman Talmadge (id: T000035)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

• Oral History Interviews with Jazzman Talmadge Herman Talmadge and Pennon Nelson, conducted by Oral Account Interview with Herman Talmadge, July 15 and 24, 1975. Discussion A-0331-1. Southern Oral History Info Collection (#4007)., Herman Talmadge title Jack Nelson, conducted by Voiced History Interview with Herman Talmadge, July 29 and August 1, 1975.

  Interview A-0331-2. Southern Put into words History Program Collection (#4007)., Jazzman Talmadge and Jack Nelson, conducted by Oral History Interview touch Herman Talmadge, December 18, 1975. Interview A-0331-3. Southern Oral Anecdote Program Collection (#4007)., Herman Talmadge and John Egerton, conducted because of Oral History Interview with Bandleader Talmadge, November 8, 1990.

  Conversation A-0347. Southern Oral History Announcement Collection (#4007). from Oral Histories of the American South Blunt History Interviews, 1985–1995. Georgia's Civic Heritage Program, (University of Western Georgia. Carrollton, Ga.

• A film lop "Longines Chronoscope with Herman Talmadge is available for viewing be redolent of the Internet Archive
• Talmadge Plaza verifiable marker