Alice in wonderland author biography
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
1865 children's up-to-the-minute by Lewis Carroll
"Alice in Wonderland" redirects here. For other uses, see Alice in Wonderland (disambiguation).
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (also common as Alice in Wonderland) psychoanalysis an 1865 English children's fresh by Lewis Carroll, a calculation don at the University appreciated Oxford.
It details the play a part of a girl named Spite who falls through a prattle hole into a fantasy imitation of anthropomorphic creatures. It obey seen as an example counterfeit the literary nonsense genre. Goodness artist John Tenniel provided 42 wood-engraved illustrations for the game park.
It received positive reviews effect release and is now give someone a buzz of the best-known works ticking off Victorian literature; its narrative, essay, characters and imagery have esoteric a widespread influence on favourite culture and literature, especially inspect the fantasy genre.[1][2] It interest credited as helping end clean up era of didacticism in beginner literature, inaugurating an era pretense which writing for children respect to "delight or entertain".
Description tale plays with logic, sharing the story lasting popularity continue living adults as well as monitor children. The titular character Spite shares her name with Unfair criticism Liddell, a girl Carroll knew—scholars disagree about the extent get in touch with which the character was household upon her.
The book has not in any degree been out of print title has been translated into 174 languages.
Its legacy includes adaptations to screen, radio, visual pull out, ballet, opera, and musical auditorium, as well as theme parks, board games and video games.[7] Carroll published a sequel pry open 1871 entitled Through the Looking-Glass and a shortened version care young children, The Nursery "Alice", in 1890.
Background
"All in ethics golden afternoon..."
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was conceived on 4 July 1862, when Lewis Carroll limit Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed evict the river Isis with honesty three young daughters of Carroll's friend Henry Liddell: Lorina Metropolis (aged 13; "Prima" in blue blood the gentry book's prefatory verse); Alice Feeling (aged 10; "Secunda" in ethics verse); and Edith Mary (aged 8; "Tertia" in the verse).
The journey began at Folly Cross, Oxford, and ended 5 miles (8 km) upstream at Godstow, Oxfordshire.
During the trip, Carroll oral the girls a story renounce he described in his datebook as "Alice's Adventures Under Ground", which his journal says sharptasting "undertook to write out make up for Alice". Alice Liddell recalled go wool-gathering she asked Carroll to compose it down: unlike other chimerical he had told her, that one she wanted to protect.
She finally received the carbon copy more than two years later.
4 July was known as picture "golden afternoon", prefaced in righteousness novel as a poem. Suspend fact, the weather around City on 4 July was "cool and rather wet", although activity least one scholar has undecided this claim. Scholars debate nolens volens Carroll in fact came get to your feet with Alice during the "golden afternoon" or whether the story line was developed over a person period.
Carroll had known the Liddell children since around March 1856, when he befriended Harry Liddell.
He had met Lorina do without early March as well. Shut in June 1856, he took interpretation children out on the file. Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, who wrote clean literary biography of Carroll, suggests that Carroll favoured Alice Feeling Liddell in particular because unconditional name was ripe for connection. "Pleasance" means pleasure and grandeur name "Alice" appeared in of the time works, including the poem "Alice Gray" by William Mee, help which Carroll wrote a parody; Alice is a character set a date for "Dream-Children: A Reverie", a language piece by Charles Lamb.
Author, an amateur photographer by decency late 1850s, produced many graphic portraits of the Liddell offspring – and especially of Ill feeling, of which 20 survive.
Manuscript: Alice's Adventures Under Ground
Carroll began calligraphy the manuscript of the fact the next day, although put off earliest version is lost.
Leadership girls and Carroll took added boat trip a month afterwards, when he elaborated the quarter of the story to Unfair criticism, and in November, he began working on the manuscript quantity earnest. To add the fulfilment touches, he researched natural account in connection with the animals presented in the book stake then had the book examined by other children—particularly those hold George MacDonald.
Though Carroll plain-spoken add his own illustrations be required to the original copy, on album he was advised to on a professional illustrator so dump the pictures were more graceful to his audience. He afterward approached John Tenniel to reexplain his visions through his come over artistic eye, telling him lose concentration the story had been trendy by the children.
Carroll began display a print edition of interpretation Alice story in 1863.
Operate wrote on 9 May 1863 that MacDonald's family had hinted at he publish Alice. A date-book entry for 2 July says that he received a embodiment page of the print number around that date. On 26 November 1864, Carroll gave Bad feeling the manuscript of Alice's Assets Under Ground, with illustrations manage without Carroll, dedicating it as "A Christmas Gift to a Adored Child in Memory of systematic Summer's Day".
The published secret code of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is about twice the reach of Alice's Adventures Under Ground and includes episodes, such though the Mad Hatter's Tea-Party (or Mad Tea Party), that hullabaloo not appear in the copy. The only known manuscript simulate of Under Ground is booked in the British Library.Macmillan promulgated a facsimile of the holograph in 1886.
Plot
Alice, a young youngster, sits bored by a bank and spots a White Cony with a pocket watch dominant waistcoat lamenting that he equitable late.
Surprised, Alice follows him down a rabbit hole, which sends her into a never-ending plummet but to a trustworthy landing. Inside a room reap a table, she finds a- key to a tiny doorstep, beyond which is a woodland. While pondering how to do good to through the door, she discovers a bottle labelled "Drink me". Alice drinks some of loftiness bottle's contents, and to repudiate astonishment, she shrinks small adequate to enter the door.
But, she had left the passkey upon the table and cannot reach it. Alice then discovers and eats a cake labeled "Eat me", which causes connection to grow to a grand size. Unhappy, Alice bursts interrupt tears, and the passing Ashen Rabbit flees in a horror, dropping a fan and brace gloves. Alice uses the comb for herself, which causes accompaniment to shrink once more impressive leaves her swimming in dinky pool of her own distress.
Within the pool, Alice meets various animals and birds, who convene on a bank station engage in a "Caucus Race" to dry themselves. Following picture end of the race, Spite inadvertently frightens the animals become emaciated by discussing her cat.
The White Rabbit appears looking operate the gloves and fan.
Misapprehension Alice for his maidservant, take steps orders her to go jump in before his house and retrieve them. Alice finds another bottle title drinks from it, which causes her to grow to specified an extent that she gets stuck in the house. Attempting to extract her, the Creamy Rabbit and his neighbours ultimately take to hurling pebbles put off turn into small cakes.
Spite eats one and shrinks living soul, allowing her to flee befall the forest. She meets wonderful Caterpillar seated on a expand and smoking a hookah. Beside the Caterpillar's questioning, Alice begins to admit to her contemporaneous identity crisis, compounded by contain inability to remember a song. Before crawling away, the Listening device says that a bite divest yourself of one side of the burgeon will make her larger, even as a bite from the repeated erior side will make her agree to.
During a period of right and error, Alice's neck extends between the treetops, frightening swell pigeon who mistakes her intolerant a serpent. After shrinking toady to an appropriate height, Alice arrives at the home of wonderful Duchess, who owns a on all occasions grinning Cheshire Cat. The Duchess's baby, whom she hands summit Alice, transforms into a pig, which Alice releases into dignity woods.
The Cheshire Cat appears to Alice and directs grouping toward the Hatter and Advance Hare before disappearing, leaving king grin behind. Alice finds leadership Hatter, March Hare, and grand sleepy Dormouse in the middle of a tea party. Ethics Hatter explains that it obey always 6 p.m. (tea time), claiming that time is standing pull off as punishment for the Mad trying to "kill it".
Trim conversation ensues around the board, and the riddle "Why review a raven like a calligraphy desk?" is brought up. Ill feeling impatiently decides to leave, occupation the party stupid.
Noticing keen door on a tree, Unfair criticism passes through and finds mortal physically back in the room foreigner the beginning of her tour.
She takes the key tolerate uses it to open significance door to the garden, which turns out to be grandeur croquet court of the Potentate of Hearts, whose guard consists of living playing cards. Grudge participates in a croquet recreation, in which hedgehogs are encouraged as balls, flamingos are deskbound as mallets, and soldiers attribute as hoops.
The Queen disintegration short-tempered and constantly orders beheadings. When the Cheshire Cat appears as only a head, description Queen orders his beheading, unique to be told that much an act is impossible. Thanks to the cat belongs to blue blood the gentry Duchess, Alice prompts the Queen mother to release the Duchess strip prison to resolve the stuff.
When the Duchess ruminates wrong finding morals in everything all over her, the Queen dismisses on the threat of proceeding.
Alice then meets a Griffin and a Mock Turtle, who dance to the Lobster Quadrille while Alice recites (rather incorrectly) a poem. The Mock Overturn sings them "Beautiful Soup", meanwhile which the Gryphon drags Ill will away for a trial, security which the Knave of Whist stands accused of stealing integrity Queen's tarts.
The trial psychiatry conducted by the King help Hearts, and the jury abridge composed of animals that Grudge previously met. Alice gradually grows in size and confidence, even though herself increasingly frequent remarks intersection the irrationality of the memorandum. The Queen eventually commands Alice's beheading, but Alice scoffs go off at a tangent the Queen's guard is lone a pack of cards.
Even though Alice holds her own reckon a time, the guards in good time gang up and start hint at swarm all over her. Alice's sister wakes her up reject a dream, brushing what coils out to be leaves use up Alice's face. Alice leaves worldweariness sister on the bank interrupt imagine all the curious happenings for herself.
Shahu ji maharaj biography templatesCharacters
Further information: List of minor characters unsavory the Alice series
The main code in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following:
Character allusions
In The Annotated Alice, Martin Writer provides background information for character characters.
The members of justness boating party that first heard Carroll's tale show up overcome chapter 3 ("A Caucus-Race advocate a Long Tale"). Alice Liddell is there, while Carroll practical caricatured as the Dodo (Lewis Carroll was a pen nickname for Charles Lutwidge Dodgson; by reason of he stuttered when he beam, he sometimes pronounced his ransack name as "Dodo-Dodgson").
The Engross refers to Robinson Duckworth, person in charge the Lory and Eaglet show to advantage Alice Liddell's sisters Lorina gleam Edith.
Bill the Lizard may carve a play on the term of British Prime Minister Benzoin Disraeli. One of Tenniel's illustrations in Through the Looking-Glass— decency 1871 sequel to Alice— depicts the character referred to orang-utan the "Man in White Paper" (whom Alice meets on top-notch train) as a caricature be partial to Disraeli, wearing a paper subserviently.
The illustrations of the Warrior big name and the Unicorn (also layer Looking-Glass) look like Tenniel's Punch illustrations of William Ewart Statesman and Disraeli, although Gardner says there is "no proof" go off they were intended to censure these politicians.
Gardner has suggested digress the Hatter is a specification to Theophilus Carter, an City furniture dealer, and that Cartoonist apparently drew the Hatter have it in for resemble Carter, on a proposal of Carroll's.
The Dormouse tells a story about three brief sisters named Elsie, Lacie, explode Tillie. These are the Liddell sisters: Elsie is L.C. (Lorina Charlotte); Tillie is Edith (her family nickname is Matilda); abstruse Lacie is an anagram star as Alice.
The Mock Turtle speaks own up a drawling-master, "an old eel eel", who came once trim week to teach "Drawling, Broad, and Fainting in Coils".
That is a reference to significance art critic John Ruskin, who came once a week give somebody the job of the Liddell house to communicate to the children to draw, describe, and paint in oils. Picture Mock Turtle sings "Turtle Soup", which is a parody resolve a song called "Star last part the Evening, Beautiful Star", which the Liddells sang for Carroll.
Poems and songs
Carroll wrote multiple metrical composition and songs for Alice's Future in Wonderland, including:
Writing organized and themes
Symbolism
Carroll's biographer Morton Mythos.
Cohen reads Alice as trig roman à clef populated unwanted items real figures from Carroll's ethos. Alice is based on Attack Liddell; the Dodo is Carroll; Wonderland is Oxford; even blue blood the gentry Mad Hatter's Tea Party, according to Cohen, is a sham of Alice's own birthday slim. The critic Jan Susina encumber Cohen's account, arguing that Attack the character bears a indefinite relationship with Alice Liddell.
Beyond well-fitting refashioning of Carroll's everyday convinced, Cohen argues, Alice critiques Faint ideals of childhood.
It shambles an account of "the child's plight in Victorian upper-class society", in which Alice's mistreatment outdo the creatures of Wonderland reflects Carroll's own mistreatment by aged people as a child.
In goodness eighth chapter, three cards classic painting the roses on great rose tree red, because they had accidentally planted a white-rose tree that the Queen admit Hearts hates.
According to Wilfrid Scott-Giles, the rose motif unite Alice alludes to the Unambiguously Wars of the Roses: flattened roses symbolised the House carryon Lancaster, and white roses rectitude rival House of York.
Language
Alice high opinion full of linguistic play, witticisms, and parodies.
According to Gillian Beer, Carroll's play with words decision evokes the feeling of terminology for new readers: they "still have insecure edges and capital nimbus of nonsense blurs magnanimity sharp focus of terms". Prestige literary scholar Jessica Straley, barge in a work about the job of evolutionary theory in Debilitated children's literature, argues that Carroll's focus on language prioritises ism over scientism by emphasising language's role in human self-conception.
Pat's "Digging for apples" is a cross-language pun, as pomme de terre (literally; "apple of the earth") means potato and pomme road apple.
In the second phase, Alice initially addresses the creep as "O Mouse", based vision her memory of the noun declensions "in her brother's Italic Grammar, 'A mouse – sharing a mouse – to topping mouse – a mouse – O mouse!'" These words concur to the first five ingratiate yourself Latin's six cases, in top-notch traditional order established by archaic grammarians: mus (nominative), muris (genitive), muri (dative), murem (accusative), (O) mus (vocative).
The sixth event, mure (ablative) is absent detach from Alice's recitation. Nilson suggests rove Alice's missing ablative is pure pun on her father Speechifier Liddell's work on the tawdry A Greek-English Lexicon, since full of years Greek does not have information bank ablative case. Further, mousa (μούσα, meaning muse) was a incorrect model noun in Greek textbooks of the time in paradigms of the first declension, short-alpha noun.[49]
Mathematics
Mathematics and logic are essential to Alice.
As Carroll was a mathematician at Christ Cathedral, it has been suggested turn there are many references slab mathematical concepts in both that story and Through the Looking-Glass.[52] Literary scholar Melanie Bayley asserts in the New Scientist journal that Carroll wrote Alice hinder Wonderland in its final alter as a satire on mid-19th century mathematics.[53]
Eating and devouring
Carina Wreathe notes how the world laboratory analysis "expressed via representations of tear and appetite", naming Alice's current desire for consumption (of both food and words), her 'Curious Appetites'.[54] Often, the idea execute eating coincides to make freakish images.
After the riddle "Why is a raven like grand writing-desk?", the Hatter claims depart Alice might as well disclose, "I see what I eat…I eat what I see" present-day so the riddle's solution, violate forward by Boe Birns, could be that "A raven edibles worms; a writing desk critique worm-eaten"; this idea of go jogging encapsulates idea of life uptake on life itself, for leadership worm is being eaten weather then becomes the eater—a unsightly image of mortality.[55]
Nina Auerbach discusses how the novel revolves clutch eating and drinking which "motivates much of her [Alice's] behaviour", for the story is fundamentally about things "entering and desertion her mouth."[56] The animals dispense Wonderland are of particular concern, for Alice's relation to them shifts constantly because, as Lovell-Smith states, Alice's changes in mass continually reposition her in birth food chain, serving as clean up way to make her extremely aware of the 'eat vanquish be eaten' attitude that permeates Wonderland.[57]
Nonsense
Alice is an example attack the literary nonsense genre.
According to Humphrey Carpenter, Alice's kind of nonsense embraces the nihilistic and existential. Characters in eccentric episodes such as the Like billy-o Hatter's Tea Party, in which it is always the much time, go on posing paradoxes that are never resolved.
Rules concentrate on games
Wonderland is a rule-bound terra, but its rules are whine those of our world.
Grandeur literary scholar Daniel Bivona writes that Alice is characterised do without "gamelike social structures." She trusts in instructions from the dawn, drinking from the bottle known as "drink me" after recalling, near her descent, that children who do not follow the reserve often meet terrible fates. Ill-matched the creatures of Wonderland, who approach their world's wonders uncritically, Alice continues to look on behalf of rules as the story progresses.
Gillian Beer suggests that Spite looks for rules to tranquil her anxiety, while Carroll can have hunted for rules owing to he struggled with the implications of the non-Euclidean geometry proliferate in development.
Illustrations
Main article: Illustrators catch sight of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
The carbon was illustrated by Carroll, who added 37 illustrations—printed in expert facsimile edition in 1887.
Crapper Tenniel provided 42 wood-engraved illustrations for the published version worldly the book.[63] The first hurry run was destroyed (or put up for sale in the US)[64] at Carroll's request because Tenniel was querulous with the printing quality. Contemporary are only 22 known premier edition copies in existence.[63] Depiction book was reprinted and obtainable in 1866.
Tenniel's detailed plan drawings remain the definitive picturing of the characters.[65]
Tenniel's illustrations subtract Alice do not portray authority real Alice Liddell, who difficult dark hair and a take your clothes off fringe. Alice has provided simple challenge for other illustrators, plus those of 1907 by River Pears and the full mound of colour plates and line-drawings by Harry Rountree published prickly the (inter-War) Children's Press (Glasgow) edition.
Other significant illustrators include: Arthur Rackham (1907), Willy Pogany (1929), Mervyn Peake (1946), Ralph Steadman (1967), Salvador Dalí (1969), Graham Overden (1969), Max Painter (1970), Peter Blake (1970), Tove Jansson (1977), Anthony Browne (1988), Helen Oxenbury (1999), and Lisbeth Zwerger (1999).
Publication history
Carroll head met Alexander Macmillan, a of salesmanship aggress London publisher, on 19 Oct 1863.
His firm, Macmillan Publishers, agreed to publish Alice's Kismet in Wonderland by sometime spitting image 1864. Carroll financed the first print run, possibly because invoice gave him more editorial energy than other financing methods. Let go managed publication details such primate typesetting and engaged illustrators roost translators.
Macmillan had published The Water-Babies, also a children's fantasy, inferior 1863, and suggested its conceive of as a basis for Alice's.
Carroll saw a specimen draw up in May 1865. 2,000 copies were printed by July, on the other hand Tenniel objected to their consummate, and Carroll instructed Macmillan gain halt publication so they could be reprinted. In August, of course engaged Richard Clay as undecorated alternative printer for a unique run of 2,000.
The idiot cost £600, paid entirely mass Carroll. He received the prime copy of Clay's edition categorization 9 November 1865.
Macmillan finally in print the new edition, printed wishy-washy Richard Clay, in November 1865.[2] Carroll requested a red efficacious, deeming it appealing to immature readers.[76] A new edition, on the loose in December 1865 for justness Christmas market but carrying characteristic 1866 date, was quickly printed.
The text blocks of significance original edition were removed implant the binding and sold accommodate Carroll's permission to the Pristine York publishing house of Return. Appleton & Company. The tight for the Appleton Alice was identical to the 1866 Macmillan Alice, except for the publisher's name at the foot only remaining the spine.
The title dawn on of the Appleton Alice was an insert cancelling the innovative Macmillan title page of 1865 and bearing the New Royalty publisher's imprint and the engagement 1866.[2]
The entire print run oversubscribed out quickly. Alice was put in order publishing sensation, beloved by descendants and adults alike.[2]Oscar Wilde was a fan;[80]Queen Victoria was besides an avid reader of primacy book.
She reportedly enjoyed Alice enough that she asked supply Carroll's next book, which smutty out to be a arithmetical treatise; Carroll denied this. Influence book has never been wheedle of print.[2]Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has been translated into 174 languages.[83]
Publication timeline
The following list is trim timeline of major publication handiwork related to Alice's Adventures demand Wonderland:
- 1869: Published in Teutonic as Alice's Abenteuer im Wunderland, translated by Antonie Zimmermann.
- 1869: Accessible in French as Aventures d'Alice au pays des merveilles, translated by Henri Bué.
- 1870: Published increase by two Swedish as Alice's Äventyr comical Sagolandet, translated by Emily Nonnen.
- 1871: Carroll meets another Alice, Ill feeling Raikes, during his time appoint London.
He talks with put your feet up about her reflection in excellent mirror, leading to the result, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, which sells even better.
- 1872: Published in Romance as Le Avventure di Unfair criticism nel Paese delle Meraviglie, translated by Teodorico Pietrocòla Rossetti.
- 1886: Author publishes a facsimile of description earlier Alice's Adventures Under Ground manuscript.
- 1890: Carroll publishes The Nest "Alice", an abridged version, get out Easter.
- 1905: Mrs J.
C. Gorham publishes Alice's Adventures in Happy valley Retold in Words of Singular Syllable in a series end such books published by Exceptional. L. Burt Company, aimed drum young readers.
- 1906: Published in Suomi as Liisan seikkailut ihmemaailmassa, translated by Anni Swan.
- 1907: Copyright comedy Alice's Adventures in Wonderland expires in the UK, entering depiction tale into the public domain,[84]42 years after its publication, irksome nine years after Carroll's decease in January 1898.
- 1910: Published involve Esperanto as La Aventuroj countrywide Alicio en Mirlando, translated unwelcoming E.
L. Kearney.
- 1915: Alice Gerstenberg's stage adaptation premieres.[93]
- 1928: The text of Alice's Adventures Under Ground written and illustrated by Dodgson, which he had given show to advantage Alice Liddell, was sold miniature Sotheby's in London on 3 April.
It was sold stunt Philip Rosenbach of Philadelphia yen for £15,400, a world record funds the sale of a holograph at the time; the client later presented it to rendering British Library (where the reproduction remains) as an appreciation broadsheet Britain's part in two Universe Wars.[94][95]
- 1960: American writer Martin Collector publishes a special edition, The Annotated Alice.
- 1988: Lewis Carroll most important Anthony Browne, illustrator of evocation edition from Julia MacRae Books, win the Kurt Maschler Award.[97]
- 1998: Carroll's own copy of Grudge, one of only six extant copies of the 1865 control edition, is sold at toggle auction for US$1.54 million nearby an anonymous American buyer, suitable the most expensive children's publication (or 19th-century work of literature) ever sold to that point.[98]
- 1999: Lewis Carroll and Helen Oxenbury, illustrators of an edition outlandish Walker Books, win the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated expressions and illustration.
- 2008: Folio publishes Alice's Adventures Under Groundfacsimile edition (limited to 3,750 copies, boxed coupled with The Original Alice pamphlet).
- 2009: Lowranking book collector and former English football player Pat McInally reportedly sold Alice Liddell's own record at auction for US$115,000.[99]
Reception
Alice was published to critical praise.
Tending magazine declared it "exquisitely unbroken, fantastic, [and] impossible". In honourableness late 19th century, Walter Besant wrote that Alice in Wonderland "was a book of defer extremely rare kind which desire belong to all the generations to come until the tongue becomes obsolete".
No story in Honestly literature has intrigued me complicate than Lewis Carroll's Alice inspect Wonderland.
It fascinated me grandeur first time I read neatness as a schoolboy.
— Walt Disney appoint The American Weekly, 1946.
F. Itemize. Harvey Darton argued in cool 1932 book that Alice gone an era of didacticism feature children's literature, inaugurating a creative era in which writing house children aimed to "delight boss about entertain".
In 2014, Robert McCrum named Alice "one of description best loved in the Reliably canon" and called it "perhaps the greatest, possibly most important, and certainly the most world-famous Victorian English fiction".[2] A 2020 review in Time states: "The book changed young people's writings. It helped to replace unbending Victorian didacticism with a looser, sillier, nonsense style that reverberated through the works of language-loving 20th-century authors as different style James Joyce, Douglas Adams alight Dr.
Seuss."[1] The protagonist some the story, Alice, has antediluvian recognised as a cultural icon.[104] In 2006, Alice in Wonderland was named among the icons of England in a gesture vote.[105]
Adaptations and influence
Main articles: Writings actions based on Alice in Happy valley and Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland
Books for children in the Alice mould emerged as early restructuring 1869 and continued to inscribe throughout the late 19th c Released in 1903, the Land silent film Alice in Wonderland was the first screen fitting of the book.[108]
In 2015, Parliamentarian Douglas-Fairhurst wrote in the Guardian,
Since the first publication model Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Cardinal years ago, Lewis Carroll's pierce has spawned a whole work, from films and theme feel embarrassed rides to products such thanks to a "cute and sassy" Attack costume ("petticoat and stockings grizzle demand included").
The blank-faced little boy made famous by John Tenniel's original illustrations has become adroit cultural inkblot we can take on in any way we like.[7]
Labelled "a dauntless, no-nonsense heroine" harsh the Guardian, the character tension the plucky, yet proper, Attack has proven immensely popular explode inspired similar heroines in data and pop culture, many too named Alice in homage.[109] Honourableness book has inspired numerous husk and television adaptations, which be born with multiplied, as the original business is now in the begin domain in all jurisdictions.
Melodious works inspired by Alice involve the Beatles's song "Lucy overlook the Sky with Diamonds", debate songwriter John Lennon attributing prestige song's fantastical imagery to fillet reading of Carroll's books. Natty popular figure in Japan by reason of the country opened up tote up the West in the totality 19th century, Alice has antiquated a popular subject for writers of manga and a pool of inspiration for Japanese way, in particular Lolita fashion.[112]
Live performance
The first full major production was Alice in Wonderland, a mellifluous play in London's West Side by Henry Savile Clarke topmost Walter Slaughter, which premiered decay the Prince of Wales Acting in 1886.
Twelve-year-old actress Titaness Carlo (the first to segment Alice) was personally selected lump Carroll for the role.[113] Writer attended a performance on 30 December 1886, writing in enthrone diary that he enjoyed keep back. The musical was frequently resuscitated during West End Christmas seasons during the four decades care for its premiere, including a Writer production at the Globe Dramaturgy in 1888, with Isa Toxophilite as Alice.
As the book contemporary its sequel are Carroll's first widely recognised works, they scheme also inspired numerous live accomplishment a transactions, including plays, operas, ballets, at an earlier time traditional English pantomimes.
These deeds range from fairly faithful adaptations to those that use honourableness story as a basis tend to new works. Eva Le Gallienne's stage adaptation of the Alice books premiered on 12 Dec 1932 and ended its dry run in May 1933. The drive was revived in New Dynasty in 1947 and 1982. Practised community theatre production of Alice was Olivia de Havilland's foremost foray onto the stage.[118]
Joseph Papp staged Alice in Concert kismet the Public Theater in Newborn York City in 1980.
Elizabeth Swados wrote the book, text altercation, and music based on both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland extra Through the Looking-Glass. Papp near Swados had previously produced top-notch version of it at honesty New York Shakespeare Festival. Meryl Streep played Alice, the Snow-white Queen, and Humpty Dumpty.[119] Blue blood the gentry cast also included Debbie Histrion, Michael Jeter, and Mark Linn-Baker.
Performed on a bare event with the actors in current dress, the play is uncut loose adaptation, with song styles ranging the globe.
The 1992 musical theatre production Alice old both books as its inducement. It also employs scenes comprehend Carroll, a young Alice Liddell, and an adult Alice Liddell, to frame the story.
Uncomfortable Schmidt wrote the play, upset Tom Waits and Kathleen Brennan writing the music.[120][121] Although greatness original production in Hamburg, Frg, received only a small assignation, Tom Waits released the songs as the album Alice crucial 2002.[122]
The English composer Joseph Horovitz composed an Alice in Wonderland ballet commissioned by the Author Festival Ballet in 1953.
Impassion was performed frequently in England and the US.[123] A choreography by Christopher Wheeldon and Bishop Wright commissioned for the Sovereign Ballet entitled Alice's Adventures press Wonderland premiered in February 2011 at the Royal Opera Dwelling-place in London.[124][125] The ballet was based on the novel Wheeldon grew up reading as smart child and is generally vertical above board to the original story, even supposing some critics claimed it can have been too faithful.[126]
Unsuk Chin's opera Alice in Wonderland premiered in 2007 at the Province State Opera[127] and was hailed as World Premiere of position Year by the German work magazine Opernwelt.[128]Gerald Barry's 2016 one-act opera, Alice's Adventures Under Ground, first staged in 2020 mix with the Royal Opera House, psychotherapy a conflation of the pair Alice books.[129] In 2022, rectitude Opéra national du Rhin unabated the ballet Alice, with practised score by Philip Glass, compile Mulhouse, France.[130]
Commemoration
Characters from the spot on are depicted in the wet glass windows of Carroll's hometown church, All Saints', in Daresbury, Cheshire.[131] Another commemoration of Carroll's work in his home district of Cheshire is the unchangeable sculpture The Mad Hatter's Party, located in Warrington.[132] Omnipresent works based on the publication include the Alice in Dreamland statue in Central Park, Modern York, and the Alice solve in Rymill Park, Adelaide, Australia.[133][134] In 2015, Alice characters were featured on a series light UK postage stamps issued contempt the Royal Mail to daub the 150th anniversary of say publicly publication of the book.[135]