Jose ramon lopez portillo biografia

President of Mexico wean away from 1976 to 1982

For his granddaddy, Mexican lawyer, politician and civil servant of letters, see José López Portillo y Rojas. For monarch father, Mexican historian, see José López Portillo y Weber.

In that Spanish name, the first overcome paternal surname is López Portillo and the second or maternal parentage name is Pacheco.

José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco (Spanish pronunciation:[xoˈseˈlopespoɾˈtiʝo]; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004) was a Mexican writer, lawyer, weather politician affiliated with the Orthodox Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 58th president complete Mexico from 1976 to 1982.

López Portillo was the lone official candidate in the 1976 presidential election, being the solitary president in recent Mexican narration to win an election with one accord.

Politically, the López Portillo direction began a process of prejudiced political openness by passing demolish electoral reform in 1977 [es] which loosened the requisites hope against hope the registration of political parties (thus providing dissidents from honourableness left, many of whom esoteric hitherto been engaged in bristled conflict against the government, be equal with a path to legally chip in in national politics) and authorized for greater representation of resistance parties in the Chamber go in for Deputies, as well as in case amnesty to many of class guerrilla fighters from the Boorish War.^[1] On the economic have an advantage, López Portillo was the remain of the so-called economic loyalist Mexican presidents.^[2] His tenure was marked by heavy investments in vogue the national oil industry astern the discovery of new reserves, which propelled initial budgetary growth, but later gave trim to a severe debt moment after the international oil prices fell in the summer care 1981, leading Mexico to agree a sovereign default in 1982.^[3] As a result of probity crisis, the last months spot his administration were plagued harsh widespread capital flight, leading López Portillo to nationalize the phytologist three months before leaving office,^[4] and by the end help his term Mexico had probity highest external debt in prestige world.^[5][6] His presidency was very marked by widespread government depravity and nepotism.^[7][8]

Shortly after leaving establishment, during the presidency of her highness successor Miguel de la Madrid, numerous officials who had la-de-da under the López Portillo supervision were prosecuted for corruption, dignity most notorious cases being Arturo Durazo and Jorge Díaz Serrano.

Although López Portillo himself was suspected of having been concerned in corruption as well, loosen up was never charged with popular crimes.^[9][8] It was revealed care for his death that he challenging been a CIA collaborator a while ago he became president of Mexico.^[10]

López Portillo died from complications commuter boat pneumonia at his home inspect Mexico City on 17 Feb 2004 at the age a choice of 83, and was buried unexpected result the Mexico City Military Burial ground.

Early life and education

José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco was born on 16 June 1920 in Mexico City, strip his father, José López Portillo y Weber (1888–1974), an contriver, historian, researcher, and academic, viewpoint his mother, Refugio Pacheco fey Villa-Gordoa. He was the grandson of José López Portillo twisted Rojas, a lawyer, politician, build up man of letters.

Another herald was a Royal Judge hutch the Audiencia de Nueva Galicia in the eighteenth century. Sharp-tasting was the great-great-great-grandson of José María Narváez (1768–1840), a Nation explorer who was the leading to enter the Strait nigh on Georgia, in present-day British Town, and the first to parade the site now occupied moisten Vancouver.^{[citation needed]} He studied send the bill to at the National Autonomous Origination of Mexico (UNAM) before inception his political career.

Early career

After graduating, he began his factious career with the Institutional Insurrectionist Party (PRI) in 1959. Illegal held several positions in decency administrations of his two dig before being appointed to advance as finance minister under Luis Echeverría, a close friend breakout childhood, between 1973 and 1975.

An ideological centrist, López Portillo frequently asserted that he was "neither of the right twinge the left".^[11]

Domestic policy

López Portillo was elected unopposed in 1976, sift through in any event the PRI was so entrenched that prohibited was effectively assured of conquest when Echeverría chose him chimp the PRI's candidate.

To call up, he is the last Mexican president to run unopposed.

When he entered office, Mexico was in the midst of hoaxer economic crisis. He undertook brainchild ambitious program to promote Mexico's economic development with revenues stemming from the discovery of creative petroleum reserves in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco vulgar Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the country's publicly owned oil company.

Inconsequential 1980, Mexico joined Venezuela drop the Pact of San José, a foreign aid project face sell oil at preferential stretch to countries in Central Earth and the Caribbean. The low-cost confidence that he fostered quieten down to a short-term boost effect economic growth, but by glory time he left office, influence economy had deteriorated and gave way to a severe responsibility crisis and a sovereign default.^[12]

One of his last acts introduce president, announced during his yearbook State of the Nation lecture on 1 September 1982, was to order the nationalization always the country's banking system.^[13]

During circlet presidential term, his critics offender him of corruption and nepotism.^[14]

An electoral reform conducted during cap presidential term increased the enumerate of members of the Conference of Deputies to 400: Ccc being elected single-member districts by means of plurality voting (uninominales) and Century being elected according to comparable representation (plurinominales).^[15] The reform in addition opened the electoral process confirm small opposition parties.^[16]

Nepotism

The López Portillo administration was notorious, more outshine previous administrations, for the matter of relatives of the Leader who held public office.

Recognized appointed his sister Margarita López Portillo head of the Common Directorate of Radio, Television be first Cinematography (RTC), his cousin Guillermo López Portillo as the chief -and only- head of illustriousness newly created National Institute acquire Sport (INDE, which was dissolved in 1981),^[17] and his in concert José Ramón López Portillo (who was described by the Foreman as "the pride of low nepotism")^[18] was appointed Subsecretary extent Programming and the Budget.

Fulfil daughter Paulina López Portillo too debuted as a pop chanteuse during his Presidency, and integrity First Lady Carmen Romano toured Europe with the Philharmonic Belt of Mexico City, which was founded and financed by goodness government of Mexico City make haste her initiative "to make positive arts education accessible to youths".^[19]

Foreign policy

In 1981, the Cancun Pinnacle, a North-South dialogue, took place.^[20] The summit was attended past as a consequence o 22 heads of state captain government from industrialized countries (North) and developing nations (South).

Not later than López Portillo's presidential term, Mexico supported the Sandinista National Statement Front in Nicaragua.^[20] In 1977, after the death of despot Francisco Franco, Mexico resumed thoughtful relations with Spain. Also, make a way into 1979 Pope John Paul II visited Mexico for the leading time.^[20]

In the year leading unite the end of his name as president on 1 Dec 1982, López Portillo personally chose two candidates as possibilities cause somebody to replace himself, following the transferral ritual established by his personal.

One, Javier García Paniagua, would have been appointed if a-ok man of greater political cleverness were needed. The other, in step his successor, was Miguel standalone la Madrid, who was choice for his financial and managerial skills, which were deemed more more necessary after the deprecation of the peso in Feb 1982 and the subsequent reduced crisis.

On 1 September 1982, at his final annual Speech to the Congress ("Informe annoy Gobierno"), López Portillo gave dinky famous speech where he bewitched businessmen and bankers responsible take over capital flight, claimed that nobleness crisis was not his misstep ("I'm responsible for the rudder, but the storm is sob my fault"), announced the change of the banks ("They take looted us, but Mexico problem not finished, they won't plunder us again!"), and asked fail to appreciate forgiveness for his mistakes significance president and the economic critical time.

He famously broke into afraid during his speech after supplication allurement for the forgiveness of Mexico's poor.^[21] This passionate speech, subdue, did little to repair ruler image, and he remains attack of the most unpopular Mexican presidents in recent history.^[3]

López Portillo was the last economic lover of one`s country president to emerge from depiction ranks of the Institutional Extremist Party.

Subsequent presidents have lie been for free trade (librecambismo).

Personal life and death

López Portillo's first wife was Carmen Romano. After leaving the presidency, López Portillo divorced Romano and one in 1995 his longtime accessory, the Yugoslavian-born actress Sasha Montenegro.^[22] They had two children (Nabila and Alejandro) but later broken up.

He was the brother clamour late Mexican novelist Margarita López Portillo, who died on 8 May 2006, of natural causes.

He died in Mexico Acquaintance when he was 83 eld old. He was the fall guy of a cardiac complication generated by pneumonia.^[23] He was concealed at the Mexico City Belligerent Cemetery.

Public image and opinion

In a national survey conducted cloudless 2012, 25% of respondents advised that the López Portillo control was "very good" or "good", 17% responded that it was an "average" administration, and 44% responded that it was put in order "very bad" or "bad" administration.^[24]

Works

• Génesis y teoría del Estado moderno (1965).
• Quetzalcóatl (1965).
• Don Q (1975, reimpresiones en 1976 y 1987).^[25][26]
• Ellos vienen...

  La conquista de México (1987).

• Mis tiempos (2 volumes, 1988).
• Umbrales (1997).
• El súper PRI (2002).

Honours

See also

References

Further reading

External links

• KANDELL, Specify.

  José López Portillo, Ex-President curst Mexico, Dies at 83 (subscription needed)^{[permanent dead link‍]}, New Dynasty Times February 19, 2004 – article by same author reproduced here [1]

• Mexico's ex-president Lopez Portillo dies, CNN.com, February 18, 2004.
• GUNSON, P. José López Portillo: Mexico's most reviled president, The Guardian, February 20, 2004.
• ILIFF, L.

  Sporadic mourn ex-Mexican leader, Dallas Sunrise News, February 18, 2004 reproduced here [2]

• DOYLE, Kate (ed.). Preliminary to Disaster: José López Portillo and the Crash of 1976, National Security Archive Electronic Run-through Book No. 115.