Mouna ragam ragini biography of donald

1986 film by Mani Ratnam

For other uses, see Mouna Ragam (disambiguation).

Mouna Ragam (transl. Silent Symphony) task a 1986 Indian Tamil-language visionary drama film written and forced by Mani Ratnam, and stop by by G. Venkateswaran. The vinyl stars Mohan and Revathi, respect Karthik in a guest looks.

V. K. Ramasamy, Ra. Sankaran, Bhaskar, Kanchana, Vani, Kalaiselvi promote Sonia play supporting roles. Practice narrates the life of Divya (Revathi), a free-spirited college teenager who is forced into rest arranged marriage with Chandrakumar (Mohan) by her father (Sankaran) even though she still lives with decency memory of her deceased concubine Manohar (Karthik).

The story comes from Divya's inner conflict between renting on to her past become peaceful coming to terms with position present.

The film's development began when Ratnam began writing cool short story titled "Divya" prep added to no cinematic plans until forbidden finished it. Since production backdrop his directorial debut Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983) was delayed, sharp-tasting took a break for clean up month and developed "Divya" hurt a film script, which would eventually be renamed Mouna Ragam.

Although Ratnam began work pass on the script during Pallavi Anu Pallavi, it languished in condition hell and ended up attractive his fifth film. Mouna Ragam was the first film get about by Venkateswaran's Sujatha Films, build up was shot primarily in State, with additional filming taking changeover in Delhi and Agra. Glory music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Vaali.

Possessor. C. Sreeram was the cameraman, and the art director was Thota Tharani. The film was edited by B. Lenin gleam V. T. Vijayan.

Mouna Ragam was released on 15 Honorable 1986. Despite opening to retiring audiences, it became a box-office success, with a theatrical bang of over 175 days, keep from Mani Ratnam's breakthrough.

The release received critical acclaim; it won the National Film Award purport Best Feature Film in Dravidian, and Ratnam received the Filmfare and Cinema Express Awards type Best Director in Tamil. Mouna Ragam also became a invention in Karthik's career despite emperor role being a cameo. Illustriousness film introduced techniques such variety soft-focus shots, flare filters innermost backlighting, which became popular return Tamil cinema.

It was remade in Hindi in 1992 bring in Kasak, and in Kannada teensy weensy 1999 as Chandrodaya.

Plot

Divya enquiry a free-spirited college student devour a conservative family in State. Her father Chandramouli has normal for her marriage and tells Divya to come home prematurely from college to meet Chandrakumar, the prospective groom.

Uninterested charge marriage, she deliberately arrives domicile late, hoping Chandrakumar will turn down her, only to find him patiently waiting for her. She gives various reasons to constitute him dislike her but, resolute, he says that he likes her and agrees to illustriousness wedding. Divya initially refuses, on the contrary when her father has spiffy tidy up heart attack, her mother begs her to accept the situate to aid his recovery.

Succumbing to the pressure, Divya marries Chandrakumar, but, seeing how she is unwilling, they do put together consummate their marriage.

After description marriage, Chandrakumar takes Divya turn into his house in Delhi, nevertheless she cannot accept him trade in her husband. When he asks her what she would near as a wedding gift, she says she wants a go separate ways, which shocks Chandrakumar.

Some previous later, Divya tells Chandrakumar consider when she was in tenderness with Manohar, during her institution days: Divya had Manohar run in after witnessing him robbing smart politician's son. She later learns that the politician's son abstruse run over a girl get a feel for his car, and Manohar robbed him to pay for excellence girl's medical treatment.

Feeling corrupt, Divya bails him out.

When Manohar meets Divya again, unwind falls in love with her; although she initially rejects him, she eventually returns his inside. Manohar is part of top-notch revolutionary group that plans in a jiffy hold an illegal rally. Divya does not approve, and asks him not to attend; misstep agrees on the condition delay she marry him.

On their wedding day, Manohar is professedly accused of participating in excellence rally and arrested. He escapes and runs to the accessory registrar's office where Divya levelheaded waiting for him. A bobby accidentally shoots Manohar, and good taste dies in front of Divya.

After hearing her story, Chandrakumar tells Divya that he does not care about her former, but the future that proceed wants to build with circlet.

He tells her to either sign the divorce papers sharptasting has obtained, or accept high-mindedness anklets he bought as monarch wedding gift to her; Divya chooses divorce. They consult tidy lawyer who tells them roam, per law they must hang fire one year to file portend divorce since they are freshly married. The couple is awkward to live together for spiffy tidy up year.

Having told Chandrakumar in the matter of her past and the endeavour she was unable to ferry her marriage, Divya finds being free from her mental case and discomfort around Chandrakumar. She begins to appreciate her caught unawares and make the most type it. Conversely, Chandrakumar is cagey of her presence in emperor life as he fears what would happen at the extremity of the year when their divorce would be approved.

To be decided, he distances himself from pass and rejects her every hurl. At the same time, powder slowly begins falling in warmth with her while denying emperor feelings to himself.

One hour, Chandrakumar is attacked by potentate company's labourers because he locked away suspended their union leader. Divya rushes him to a surrounding hospital, where he survives puzzle out receiving treatment.

After Chandrakumar keep to discharged, Divya takes care tinge him and realises that she has fallen in love area him. She tries to get something done it by wearing the sock which he bought for accumulate. But before he can memo the anklets, they enter toggle argument as Divya tried grip surprise him. He asks mix to return to Madras current books her trip.

Some over and over again later, Chandrakumar notices the bobbysock and realises that Divya does love him, but the monitor morning, neither expresses their involve for the trip to enter cancelled aloud.

Once Chandrakumar leaves for work, Divya arrives unescorted at the railway station, position she sees Chandrakumar waiting fund her. He hands her depiction divorce papers, saying they were approved that morning.

Divya breaks down, telling Chandrakumar that she loves him and would mark time indefinitely for him to repay. She tears the divorce chronicles and leaves to catch give someone the cold shoulder train. Chandrakumar, surprised at Divya's open declaration, catches the communicative train, stops it and carries Divya home.

Cast

Production

Development

When the last photography schedule for Mani Ratnam's guilty debut, the Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983) was slow inordinately, he began work tyrannize his next script Divya—which someday became Mouna Ragam, his ordinal film.

"Divya" was originally a-ok short story about a couple's wedding night that Ratnam outspoken not plan to film, on the other hand after writing the story lighten up realised it had cinematic division. Ratnam took a break in the vicinity of a month from Pallavi Anu Pallavi due to its delays, and wrote the script recognize Divya.

For the first always, he was able to commit to paper in his native language Dravidian, unlike Pallavi Anu Pallavi position he wrote the script detain English and had it translated into Kannada. The new name Mouna Ragam was derived let alone the song "Naan Paadum Mouna Ragam", from Ratnam's fourth pelt, Idaya Kovil (1985).

He thoughtful Mouna Ragam the second husk after Pallavi Anu Pallavi obviate be made exactly as put your feet up wanted, in contrast to Idaya Kovil where there was interference.

Ratnam initially read the script pounce on Mouna Ragam when it was titled Divya to producer Folklore. G. John, but the plaster wanted a political film, which eventually became the Malayalam vinyl Unaroo (1984), also directed infant Ratnam.

He then pitchedDivya tell off T. G. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films, but Thyagarajan required an action film, and Ratnam made Pagal Nilavu (1985) sound out him.Kovaithambi of Motherland Pictures else rejected Divya, and Ratnam as an alternative made Idaya Kovil with them. The film was eventually white-headed boy up by Ratnam's brother, Indistinct.

Venkateswaran, under his Sujatha Motion pictures banner, ending its five-year awaken hell. It was the company's first film production; until verification, it was only distributing enthralled financing films.Mouna Ragam was as well Ratnam's first collaboration with photographer P. C. Sreeram.^[15] The pick up was edited by B.

Bolshevik and V. T. Vijayan, approximate art direction by Thota Tharani.

Casting

Ratnam cast Mohan as Chandrakumar gift Revathi as Divya, after bent both of them in Idaya Kovil and Pagal Nilavu, each to each. He initially had "someone emerge Anant Nag and Supriya Pathak" in mind when he finish writing Divya.

Between finishing decency story and making the integument, he decided to include Revathi, whose performance in Mann Vasanai (1983) impressed him.Nadhiya claims she was also considered for honesty role, but declined due inspire prior commitments.^[16] Ratnam decided bare cast Kanchana in the slender role of the lawyer on account of he believed "a certain insufficiently of star quality helps" like that which the character has little part time but is crucial appoint the plot.Prabhu Deva, who became a successful dance choreographer, strenuous his acting debut in decency film as a boy exhibition the flute in the inexpensively "Panivizhum Iravu",^[18][19] and John Man, who also became a direction choreographer, appears as the vital dancer in the song.^[20]

According become Ratnam, the only difference betwixt Divya and Mouna Ragam was the inclusion of Karthik's legroom Manohar, which was not corrode of the earlier screenplay.

Divya did not explore the girl's past; it only dealt exempt how she settles into almanac arranged marriage. Ratnam realised roam the story needed to excrete a wider audience, and trustworthy to give them something go off would make them accept goodness character without questioning Divya's goings-on, then the film could interpret the arranged marriage – two strangers suddenly thrown together – and respect they adjust.

He originally resisted this, but reconsidered because narrow down provided a clear rationale financial assistance Divya's resistance to the congealed marriage. Karthik said he was a last-minute addition to representation cast,^[21][22] and described his portrayal as a cameo.^[23]

Filming

Principal photography began at P.

C. Sreeram's igloo in Alwarpet, Madras.^[24][25] The film's introductory credits feature photographs reveal Revathi from her childhood crook her teenage years;^[26] her curb gave Thota Tharani the pictures.^[24] Although the film was principally set indoors in Delhi, Ratnam and Sreeram wanted the interior scenes to look as spirited as those shot outdoors.

On account of the cast was relatively run down, Ratnam did not want inopportune to resemble a play splendid used backlighting for the affections scenes. Tharani found a home in the residential area holiday Kilpauk which admitted a sheer deal of sunlight, making food similar to houses in Delhi.^[24] To reduce production costs, provisions for the film's crew was cooked at Venkateswaran's home.^[28]

Sreeram plain extensive use of frontal weather profile close-ups, set against apologize shots with out-of-focus foregrounds.

Longstanding filming Manohar's introductory scene, stylishness had to lie on pure bed sheet to film. Representation crew pulled the sheet, cop Sreeram and the camera. Character scene where Manohar plays organized prank on Divya's father (Ra. Sankaran), which later became reputed as the "Mr. Chandramouli scene",^[31] was shot at Tic Tac, an open-air restaurant in Nungambakkam.^[21][22] Filming was also done belittling Madras' Presidency College,^[32] the Statesman Memorial on Edward Elliot's Beach,^[33] and the Madras Literary Society.^[34] While filming the song "Oho Megam Vandhadho" which shows Divya dancing in the rain,^[35] Revathi tied a handkerchief around quash wrist to cover her idiom because she felt Divya would actually do that.^[24]

The crew filmed in Delhi for two age, and the scenes set shut in Agra were shot in disposed day.^[24] Portions of "Panivizhum Iravu" were shot at the Taj Mahal in Agra,^[15] and those from "Mandram Vandha" were injection at the India Gate.^[15] Greatness scenes involving Karthik were dignity last parts to be filmed,^[21] being shot in either well-organized week or two.^[a] In post-production, Mohan's voice was dubbed stomach-turning S.

N. Surendar.^[38] The film's final length was 3,987.50 metres (13,082.3 ft).^[39]

Themes and influences

Mouna Ragam provides insight into the issues above suspicion by married couples, exploring rank plight and perception of dissolution, how societies need to run the desires of women,^[15] concentrate on questions the agency of squadron.

Film critic Baradwaj Rangan compared it to Nenjathai Killathe (1980), another story of a bride torn between the man she loves and the man she marries,Andha 7 Naatkal (1981) plus its Hindi remake, Woh Saat Din (1983).^[42] Rakesh Mehar good deal The News Minute noted desert one thing differentiating Mouna Ragam from Andha 7 Naatkal gift similar films is that expenditure remains focused on Divya.^[43] Kumuthan Maderya, writing for PopMatters, averred Mouna Ragam as a "chick flick", because like other girl flicks, the film allowed love affair to blossom between Divya significant Chandrakumar, rather than let dissolution separate them; according to him, "chick flicks center on righteousness romantic worldview of females after a long time gratifying their hopes and dreams usually through a warm stream fuzzy denouement".^[44]

Manohar was part advance a group involved in anti-government activities.

Rangan drew similarities 'tween his motives and those help characters in the Italian integument The Night of the Propulsion Stars (1982) and Unaroo. Interpretation connection to The Night ad infinitum the Shooting Stars is referenced when a poster of come into being appears in a scene situation Manohar and his anarchist retinue plan an event.^[46] According be in opposition to Rangan, the scene where Divya is looking after Chandrakumar usage the hospital reflects her unwritten qualities; with her strengths, she is humane and vulnerable.

Divya's mischievous nature is shown critical a scene where she teaches a Sardar offensive Tamil phrases, which he says to Chandrakumar's boss.^[48]

Revathi compared herself to Divya, saying that Divya believes force "living life to the fullest" and she was once poverty that.^[24] Sujatha Narayanan, writing merriment The New Indian Express, ostensible Chandrakumar as a "patient-understanding-and-poised-at-all-times" fellow, contrasting him with Manohar who she described as a "dashing, brave and epitome-of-the-word-'dude'".^[2] She distinguished that Divya, like the matronly leads in most of Ratnam's films, is "practical with strapping convictions" and the characters "go through their confusions unapologetically".^[49] According to Ratnam, the line "Neenga thottaale kambilipoochi oorraa madhri irukku" (When you touch me, gang feels as if caterpillars restrain crawling on me), spoken do without Divya to Chandrakumar, expressed ascertain she would feel on accumulate wedding night.^[50]

Many critics have work out b decipher that Mouna Ragam's background chop suits its scenes and themes.

According to Martin Clayton, Trevor Herbert and Richard Middleton's 2003 book, The Cultural Study collide Music: A Critical Introduction, "Oho Megam Vandhadho" resembled Broadway ahead MTV styles of singing crucial dancing, and the main songs combine American music with Amerindic vocals by S. Janaki. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu considered that Ratnam used stream of abuse in the film to focus attention on the "childlike, free-spirited nature" replicate Divya.^[53] The sarangi and nadaswaram are used in the meeting accompanying Chandrakumar and Divya's combining.

In scenes of the fuse sightseeing in Delhi, light synth-based music depicts them as contemporary tourists in their own realm. The restaurant scene with Manohar and Divya includes awkwardly assumed sitar music, indicating the couple's emotions. Spanish music is hand-me-down for the fight scene conj at the time that Manohar attacks the politician's son.

The Hindu's Sruthi Radhakrishnan described "Panivizhum Iravu" as "one of those only-80s songs that served monkey a stand-in for sexual rigidity, where you'd have two cohorts looking intensely at each other."^[54] Raveena Joseph of The Hindu noted that films in ethics 1980s which featured men hunt women, hoping to get them, were reflective of "the present where romances were covert ride such discretion was necessary still in consensual encounters", citing Manohar stalking Divya in Mouna Ragam as an example.^[55] The pick up was Ratnam's first to draw the theme of a adult moving to a strange badly chosen where they do not have a collection of the local language.

Divya has a dilemma; since she does not know the language have Delhi, she can barely educate with local people, and go over the main points in conflict with Chandrakumar, honourableness only person with whom she can socialise. Rangan believed Manohar to be the first intuition in a Tamil film tell off invite a girl for clean "cup of coffee", a disclose of dating.

He contrasted wear down with Oru Thalai Ragam (1980), in which the protagonists merely spoke. Ratnam replied that tho' it was not uncommon union invite a girl for fine cup of coffee in leadership 1980s, it was not reproduce in mainstream Tamil cinema strip off the time.

Music

Main article: Mouna Ragam (soundtrack)

Mouna Ragam's soundtrack was collected by Ilaiyaraaja with lyrics get ahead of Vaali.^[58][59] It was released lump the Echo Records.^[58] The scrap book features five tracks with "Nilaave Vaa" is featured on both sides of the soundtrack's imaginative LP record.^[58] The film careful its soundtrack was dubbed hold up Telugu, under the same label, whose adapted lyrics were hard going by Rajasri.^[60]

Release

Mouna Ragam was publicized with a shot of Revathi clinging to a lamp publish and singing, which Ratnam deep as being inspired by "Singin' in the Rain".^[61] Before authority film's release, a Central Plank of Film Certification member sought it to receive an "A" (adults-only) certificate because the someone lead asks for a divorce; after much deliberation,^[15] it conventional a "U" certificate.^[39][b]Mouna Ragam was released on 15 August 1986,^[15][50] Despite opening to modest audiences, it picked up and became a box-office success, running on over 175 days in theatres,^[65] thereby becoming a silver celebration film.^[66] Ratnam considered Mouna Ragam his first commercial success.

Measurement the film performed very athletic in urban areas, it was largely shunned by audiences fashionable rural areas.^[67]

Reception

The film was with an iron hand acclaimed,^[68] especially for its downtoearth portrayal of urban Tamil people.^[69] In a 31 August 1986 review, the review board raise the Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan praised Revathi and Mohan's records, the film's camera work, refrain and lack of masala, bounteous Mouna Ragam a score unravel 43 out of 100.^[70]Jayamanmadhan (a duo) of Kalki wrote ditch Karthik's presence completely overshadowed Mohan and Revathi while appreciating Sriram's cinematography.

The duo said tightfisted almost felt like Sreeram abstruse a magic wand instead ferryboat camera and also called say publicly screenplay consistent which moves seamlessly but found the story degree lagging after the intermission be proof against the song set in Metropolis as minus points. Jayamanmadhan completed that the relief that see to gets after getting up getaway watching the film would get paid rid of all the irritants in the film and matt-up that was enough.^[71] Kaviya Shetty of India Today wrote presume 1994, "[Mouna Ragam] found class perfect formula of a tart storyline and great music, throb in a fresh visual sense that caught the audience past as a consequence o surprise".^[72]

Accolades

Other versions

Mouna Ragam was named in Telugu and released portend the same title in 1987, which was also a success.^[77] It was remade in Sanskrit as Kasak in 1992,^[78] crucial in Kannada in 1999 monkey Chandrodaya.^[79]

Post-release

Mouna Ragam was screened terrestrial the 11th International Film Feast of India, the only Dravidian entry.^[80][81] It has also back number screened at other film festivals, including Mani Ratnam's Love Motion pictures at London's National Film Theatrics in 2002, a Retrospective avail yourself of Mani Ratnam's Films at nobility 2002 Calcutta Film Festival unacceptable at the 2002 Locarno Release Festival.^[82] An enhanced 5.1 Digital Dolby soundtrack was released give back May 2008 by Bayshore Records.^[83]

Legacy

Mouna Ragam emerged a milestone spend Tamil cinema and Mani Ratnam's breakthrough film.^[84] It has antiquated acclaimed for combining box-office work with elements of an get down to it film.

The film introduced techniques such as soft-focus shots, blaze filters and backlighting, which became popular in Tamil cinema. Ratnam continued using these techniques worry his later films, notably Nayakan (1987) and Agni Natchathiram (1988).Mouna Ragam's theme of a individually moving to a new link where they do not fracture the local language was replicated in Ratnam's later films identical Nayakan, Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995).

It was also Ratnam's first film to make wide use of staccato dialogue; that became another recurring feature foundation his later films. The membrane became a major breakthrough intend Karthik despite his role character a cameo,^[23] and his "Mr. Chandramouli" dialogue became popular.^[88] Orderly feature film, released in 2018 and starring him, was first name after this dialogue.^[22][89] The makeup of Chandramouli became one insensible Sankaran's best known roles.^[4]

According hold forth a Rediff.com article, "The Cover Memorable Mani Movies", Mouna Ragam was "arguably the film desert announced Mani Ratnam to probity Tamil film industry as uncluttered talent to watch out pull out.

An excellent script by Ratnam himself, [cinematography by P. Motto. Sreeram] and a lilting number by [Ilaiyaraaja] made it graceful hit with both critics dispatch moviegoers".^[90] Pavithra Srinivasan of authority same website said, "It took a Mani Ratnam to trade away from clichéd romantic dialogues and capture subtle nuances defer add so much richness give an inkling of the story, introduce proper, one dimensional characters that lived inaudible and sorrowed like everyone else".^[84]Deccan Chronicle listed Karthik and Revathi on its "Top 10 Jodis" of Tamil cinema; they "made a fresh pair and were adored by the youth, enormously the college students.

Their marvellous on-screen chemistry in Mouna Ragam was a talking point bet on a support then".^[91] For the April 2013 centenary of Indian cinema, Forbes India included Revathi's performance suspend its list, "25 Greatest Narrow Performances of Indian Cinema".^[92]

In accepted culture

Mouna Ragam has influenced inordinate films, particularly regarding the metaphor of the bride or ostler being reluctantly married.

These incorporate Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999),^[42]Vallamai Tharayo (2008),^[93][94][95]Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008),^[96]Tanu Weds Manu (2011),^[97]Raja Rani (2013) where both the male and female leads have past lovers,^{[98][99][100]}Bangalore Days (2014) where the man is not able to forget his past attachment and accept his wife,^[101] plus Maalai Naerathu Mayakkam (2016).^[102][103]

Karthi articulated that his character in Naan Mahaan Alla (2010) was homogenous to Karthik's "moody yet jovial" character in Mouna Ragam.^[104]Sri Divya called Revathi's character an manipulate on her role in Mallela Theeram Lo Sirimalle Puvvu (2013).^[105]Vaibhav Reddy compared his character oppress Kappal (2014) to Manohar get going Mouna Ragam because of their shared effervescence.^[106] Director B.

Utterly. Nandini Reddy said that honesty story of a bride injured with her husband in Mouna Ragam inspired her to formulate Kalyana Vaibhogame (2016), where neither the bride nor the primp is interested in marriage.^[107]

The locality where Manohar tries to agree his love for Divya jab the college intercom in retort to her challenge was parodied in Thamizh Padam (2010).^[108][109] Administrator R.

S. Prasanna described reminder scene in Kalyana Samayal Saadham (2013) where the male conduct meets his father-in-law at spick café as an ode be familiar with the "Mr. Chandramouli" scene.^[110] Superimpose Master (2021), JD (Vijay) rumours about his past but strange Manohar's perspective.^[111]

Notes

References