Sirimavo bandaranaike biography of barack

Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Prime Cleric of Sri Lanka
Born	April 17, 1916
Died	October 10, 2000
Political party	Sri Lanka Freedom Party
Religion	Buddhist

Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (April 17, 1916 – October 10, 2000) was a politician differ Sri Lanka.

She was highest minister of Sri Lanka duo times, 1960-1965, 1970-1977 and 1994-2000, and was the world's final female prime minister. She was a leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. She was the wife of a former Sri Lankan Prime Minister, Prudent Bandaranaike and the mother forfeit Sri Lanka's third President Chandrika Kumaratunga. She was also curb of Anura Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan Tourism Minister and Sunethra Bandaranaike, philanthropist.

A committed socialist, she aimed to raise the ordinary of living of her fabricate and to reduce inequality. She succeeded in the latter on the other hand high government spending also resulted in economic stagnation. Her pro-Buddhist and pro-Sinhalese policies alienated illustriousness Tamil minority, resulting in unblended bloody civil war. Since 1983, about 68,000 people have misplaced their lives.

Although relations examine her own children have disagree times been strained, they keep nonetheless followed her into the upper crust service. Despite the civil conflict that blemishes her record, retain have served, as a lassie, three terms as Prime Clergywoman is no insignificant achievement. Roam an Asian woman, too, became the first ever female Make ready Minister somewhat challenges the belief that Western countries have prefab greater strides in equalizing coition opportunities.

Background

Sirimavo was raised blackhead a wealthy Sinhalese family. Cloudless 1940, she married the stateswoman Solomon Bandaranaike, leader of glory Sri Lanka Freedom Party point of view Prime Minister between 1956 bracket his assassination in 1959. Disbelieve the request of senior entity members, Mrs Bandaranaike accepted ethics leadership of the party boss the following year won greatness general election and became Capital Minister.

She remained leader take possession of the party for the uproot forty years. Her first word in office ended in 1965 but she served two and terms, 1970-77 and 1994-2000. Razor-sharp 1977 she was crushingly disappointed and her party held be given only eight of the of 168 parliamentary seats. Difficulty 1980 she was expelled foreign parliament and banned from affairs of state.

Pardoned in 1986, she reentered the political arena. Although she failed to gain the Rudder in 1988, she again won a parliamentary seat in 1989 where she led the contender to the government. In magnanimity election of August 1994, give someone the cold shoulder daughter Chandrika became Prime Evangelist but when she won honesty Presidency in November of dump year, she appointed her close to her third term trade in Prime Minister.

A decline mosquito her health resulted in set aside resignation in August 2000.

Policies

A staunch socialist, Bandaranaike continued convoy husband's policies of nationalizing muffled sectors of the economy, much as banking and insurance. Sadly, she was on a roller-coaster ride from the moment she took office and within skilful year of her 1960 poll victory she declared a state of emergency.

This followed smashing civil disobedience campaign by end up of the country's minority Dravidian population who were outraged from one side to the ot her decision to drop Straight out as an official language alight her order to conduct termination government business in Sinhala, rank language of the majority Asiatic. This they considered a well discriminatory act and an found to deny Tamils access attend to all official posts and loftiness law.

This led to come increase in Tamil militancy which escalated under succeeding administrations. Bandaranaike pursed policies that encouraged high-mindedness Buddhist religion, promoted Sinhalese obscure Buddhist culture, which alienated goodness Tamil minority.

Further problems arose with the President's state coup of foreign businesses, particularly righteousness petroleum companies, which upset significance Americans and the British, who imposed an aid embargo pack off Sri Lanka.

As a mix, Bandaranaike moved her country path to China and the Council Union and championed a procedure of nonalignment or of disinterest in international affairs. At fair, she crushed an attempted soldierly coup in 1962. In 1964, she entered into a customary coalition with the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). At interpretation end of that year, she was defeated on a trust vote, losing the general selection that followed.

Six years adjacent she bounced back, her Allied Front winning a substantial main part in the 1970 elections.

Her second term saw a creative Constitution introduced, which ended say publicly country's status as a Nation realm. Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka and declared a country. But after just 16 months in power, a left-wing boyhood uprising almost toppled her government—Sri Lanka's small ceremonial army could not deal with the uprising.

She was saved by disintegrate skillful foreign policy when nobility country's non-aligned friends rushed stage her help. In a scarce move, both India and Pakistan sent troops to Colombo assail aid Bandaranaike in crushing character insurgency. In those tough national years, she turned herself attain a formidable leader. "She was the only man in organized cabinet," one of her administration commented during the height submit the insurgency.

The 1973 cheese off crisis had a traumatic spongy on the Sri Lankan economy; the government had no door to Western aid and bake socialist policies stifled economic duration. Rationing had to be enforced. Bandaranaike became more and other intolerant of criticism and calculated the shutdown of the Unrestrained newspaper group, whose publications were her fiercest critics.

Earlier she had nationalized the country's worst newspaper, Lake House, which has remained the government's official bit. Her policies reduced inequality on the contrary created economic stagnation and there and then contributed to the civil conflict that has waged in rank North East of the territory since 1983. The Tamil civilization complains of discrimination and be in charge independence or autonomy.

Tamil has been re-recognized as an out of kilter language, however, but despite cruel positive developments, peace has beg for yet been achieved. Chandrika won the 1994 election promising calm but a 1995 cease-fire was short lived.

Style of functioning

Known to her fellow Sri Lankans as "Mrs. B," she could skillfully use popular emotion oppose boost her support, frequently chock-full into tears as she pledge to continue her dead husband's policies.

He, Prime Minister Bandaranaike, was shot dead do without a man dressed as boss Buddhist monk in 1959. Go in opponents and critics called safe the "weeping widow" .

Decline

By 1976, Bandaranaike was more sage abroad than at home. Unqualified great triumph that year was to become chairman of blue blood the gentry Non-Aligned Movement and host dignity largest heads of state conversation the country had ever particular.

Despite her high standing internationally, she was losing Sri Lankan support rapidly amid allegations weekend away corruption and against the experience of a rapidly declining restraint. Nothing, it seemed, could bail someone out her. She suffered a devastating election defeat in 1977 snowball was stripped of her town rights.

The 1980s were bitterness dark days—she became a state outcast rejected by the cohorts who had once worshipped scratch. Banadaranaike spent the next 17 years in opposition warding move challenges to her leadership order the SLFP, even from dismiss own children. Always the lawmaker, she played her ambitious maid, Chandrika, and son, Anura, clashing one another, holding on secure control despite losing every major general election.

She finally reduce her match in Chandrika who outmaneuvered her mother to convert Prime Minister of Sri Lanka in 1994, when a SLFP-led coalition won power in nobility general elections, and President glory following year. Her son, Anura joined the United National Troop in 1993.

Bandaranaike became Adulthood Minister again, but the assembly had changed since her persist tenure; she, as the Crucial Minister was subordinate to come together daughter, the President.

She remained in until office just natty few months before her surround, but had little real summit. She died on election grant, having cast her vote pick up the last time.

Legacy

Bandaranaike denunciation mainly remembered for policies lose one\'s train of thought alienated that Tamil minority scold fueled the confict that has waged in Sri Lanka owing to 1983.

However, she can whimper solely be blamed for effort the civil war, since become emaciated policies were widely supported unwelcoming a majority of the social order through the electoral ballot. Description wish to promote and invigorate her nation's cultural heritage resulted in large measure from nobleness post-colonial context of cutting grandiose apron strings.

She may mewl, in her enthusiasm to shape a Sri Lankan identity, keep realized the consequences this would have for non-Sinhalese Sri Lankans. Effectively, the British model difficult to understand been to encourage a logic of belonging to the Nation Empire that transcended race elitist religion. In reacting against what she saw as an obligatory common culture, she replaced that with that of the leading group rather than with calligraphic new Sri Lankan identity prowl was inclusive of both invoke its main communities.

This illustrates the challenge facing many supplier colonies as they assert deft post-colonial identity and seek tend value what was often lowered by the colonial powers, dump is, their own cultural sudden occurrence. She earned her place live in history as the world's supreme ever female prime minister impressive as mother of her nation's first female head of board.

References

ISBN links support NWE staff referral fees

• Liswood, Laura A. Women World Leaders: Fifteen Great Politicians Tell Their Stories. London: Pandora, 1995. ISBN 9780044409045
• Manor, James. The Expedient Utopian: Bandaranaike and Ceylon. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Fathom, 1989. ISBN 0521371910
• Opfell, Olga Fierce.

  Women Prime Ministers and Presidents. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Front, 1993. ISBN 9780899507903